Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via Vitaliano Brancati 60, 00166, Rome, Italy.
Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via Vitaliano Brancati 60, 00166, Rome, Italy.
J Environ Manage. 2023 Apr 15;332:117208. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117208. Epub 2023 Jan 28.
The criteria for the application of hazard property code HP14 "ecotoxicity" to waste assessment have been defined by the Council Regulation (EU) 2017/997. However, on the basis of available methodologies, its application may present some issues. Those can be referred to the preparation and representativeness of the sample to be analyzed, to the chemical evaluation by the summation method (CLP Regulation), to the toxicity thresholds of ecotoxicological tests and the evaluation of the real environmental impact of waste. In this work an integrated chemical and ecotoxicological approach, that relies on modified synthetic indices previously developed for dredging sediment management is proposed. The methodological procedure, assuming that the eluate represents the most relevant carrier of contaminant into the environment, was applied on eluates extracted from samples of 3 kinds of waste categories (car-fluff, fly-ash and sludges), introducing changes starting from the sample preparation and the targeted ecotoxicological and chemical analyses. The application of this approach allowed qualifying the sludge and part of fly-ash samples as "non ecotoxic", unlike the conventional method (CLP) under which all waste categories considered were found to be "ecotoxic". The new pathway for waste qualification, abandoning the classical tabular approach based on mere chemical concentrations and/or predetermined thresholds of toxicity (principle of the worst case), showed a greater discriminatory power among samples with different characteristics, and a more realistic and quantitative assessment of the environmental impact which can be caused by leaching of the waste.
应用危害特性代码 HP14“生态毒性”进行废物评估的标准已由欧盟理事会第 2017/997 号条例确定。然而，根据现有方法，其应用可能存在一些问题。这些问题可归因于待分析样品的制备和代表性、通过总和法（CLP 法规）进行的化学评估、生态毒理学测试的毒性阈值以及废物实际环境影响的评估。在这项工作中，提出了一种综合的化学和生态毒理学方法，该方法依赖于以前为疏浚沉积物管理开发的改良综合指数。该方法程序假设洗脱液是污染物进入环境的最相关载体，已应用于从 3 种废物类别（汽车绒毛、飞灰和污泥）的样品中提取的洗脱液，从样品制备和目标生态毒理学和化学分析开始引入变化。应用这种方法可以将污泥和部分飞灰样品定性为“非生态毒性”，与传统方法（CLP）不同，根据该方法，所有被认为是“生态毒性”的废物类别都被认为是“生态毒性”。新的废物定性途径，摒弃了基于单纯化学浓度和/或预定毒性阈值的经典表格方法（最坏情况原则），在具有不同特性的样品之间显示出更大的区分能力，以及对废物浸出可能造成的环境影响进行更现实和定量的评估。
