Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, UFR Sciences de la Santé, Université Gaston Berger, Saint-Louis, Sénégal.
Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, FMPO, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal.
Parasit Vectors. 2023 Jan 31;16(1):43. doi: 10.1186/s13071-023-05671-x.
Urogenital schistosomiasis is a major public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa. In Senegal, the disease is endemic in all regions of the country. Recently, WHO strongly recommended including pre-school children and women of reproductive age during a mass drug administration campaign. It is important to describe the burden of the disease in these group at risk using innovative diagnostic tools. This study aimed to assess the use of real-time PCR in the detection of schistosomiasis cases at the community level in a seasonal transmission area.
A cross-sectional survey was carried out in Niakhar located in the centre of Senegal. Pre-schoolchildren, school-aged children and female adolescents and adults were invited to participate in the study in April 2018. Urine samples were collected and examined using Hemastix reagent strips, filtration technique and real-time PCR. Schistosoma haematobium was detected, identified by targeting the Dra1 gene. The prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis was determined for each group and the performance of the real-time PCR was compared with the conventional techniques.
A total of 428 participants were enrolled in this study including 87 (20.4%) pre-school children (1-5 years), 262 (61.3%) school-aged children between (5-14 years), 17 (3.9%) adolescents (15-17 years) and 62 (14.4%) female adults. The comparison of the diagnostic techniques has shown that the prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis is higher using molecular technique (34.6%) compared to microscopy (20.3%). The percentage rate of haematuria using Hemastix was 23.1%. School-aged children between 5 and 14 years old were the most affected with 29.0% and 43.1% under microscopy and RT-PCR, respectively. In female participants, microscopic prevalence decreases with age, from 21.4% in school-aged children to 17.6% in adolescents and 9.7% in adults. There was good correlation between the number of eggs per 10 ml and the cycle threshold range.
These results show the importance of using molecular tools in the surveillance of schistosomiasis particularly in pre-school children and women of reproductive age.
尿路血吸虫病是撒哈拉以南非洲的一个主要公共卫生问题。在塞内加尔，该国所有地区都有该病流行。最近，世界卫生组织强烈建议在大规模药物治疗运动中包括学龄前儿童和育龄妇女。使用创新的诊断工具来描述这些高危人群的疾病负担非常重要。本研究旨在评估实时聚合酶链反应（PCR）在季节性传播地区社区一级检测血吸虫病病例中的应用。
在塞内加尔中部的尼亚卡尔进行了一项横断面调查。邀请学龄前儿童、学龄儿童和女性青少年及成年参加 2018 年 4 月的研究。采集尿液样本，用 Hemastix 试剂条、过滤技术和实时 PCR 进行检查。检测到的血吸虫是通过针对 Dra1 基因的方法鉴定的。确定了每个组的尿路血吸虫病患病率，并将实时 PCR 的性能与传统技术进行了比较。
本研究共纳入 428 名参与者，包括 87 名（20.4%）学龄前儿童（1-5 岁）、262 名（61.3%）学龄儿童（5-14 岁）、17 名（3.9%）青少年（15-17 岁）和 62 名（14.4%）成年女性。对诊断技术的比较表明，分子技术检测尿路血吸虫病的患病率（34.6%）高于显微镜检查（20.3%）。Hemastix 检测血尿的百分比为 23.1%。5-14 岁的学龄儿童受影响最严重，显微镜检查和实时 PCR 分别为 29.0%和 43.1%。在女性参与者中，显微镜检查的流行率随着年龄的增长而降低，从学龄儿童的 21.4%降至青少年的 17.6%和成年女性的 9.7%。每 10ml 卵数与循环阈值范围之间存在良好的相关性。
这些结果表明，在监测血吸虫病，特别是在学龄前儿童和育龄妇女中，使用分子工具非常重要。
