Salyha Nataliya, Oliynyk Iryna
Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, Lviv, Ukraine.
Heliyon. 2023 Feb;9(2):e13238. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13238. Epub 2023 Jan 26.
Hypoxia is the main cause and effect of a large number of diseases, including the most recent one facing the world, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Hypoxia is divided into short-term, long-term, and periodic, it can be the result of diseases, climate change, or living and traveling in the high mountain regions of the world. Since each type of hypoxia can be a cause and a consequence of various physiological changes, the methods for modeling these hypoxias are also different. There are many techniques for modeling hypoxia under experimental conditions. The most common animal for modeling hypoxia is a rat. Hypoxia models (hypoxia simulations) in rats are a tool to study the effect of various conditions on the oxygen supply of the body. These models can provide a necessary information to understand hypoxia and also provide effective treatment, highlighting the importance of various reactions of the body to hypoxia. The main parameters when choosing a model should be reproducibility and the goal that the scientist wants to achieve. Hypoxia in rats can be reproduced both ways exogenously and endogenously. The reason for writing this review was the aim to systematize the models of rats available in the literature in order to facilitate their selection by scientists. The relative strengths and limitations of each model need to be identified and understood in order to evaluate the information obtained from these models and extrapolate these results to humans to develop the necessary generalizations. Despite these problems, animal models have been and remain vital to understanding the mechanisms involved in the development and progression of hypoxia. The eligibility criteria for the selected studies was a comprehensive review of the methods and results obtained from the studies. This made it possible to make generalizations and give recommendations on the application of these methods. The review will assist scientists in choosing an appropriate hypoxia simulation method, as well as assist in interpreting the results obtained with these methods.
缺氧是众多疾病的主要病因及后果，包括全球近期面临的新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID - 19）。缺氧分为短期、长期和周期性缺氧，其成因可能是疾病、气候变化，或者在世界高山地区生活及旅行。由于每种类型的缺氧都可能是各种生理变化的原因和结果，因此模拟这些缺氧的方法也各不相同。在实验条件下有多种模拟缺氧的技术。用于模拟缺氧的最常见动物是大鼠。大鼠缺氧模型（缺氧模拟）是研究各种条件对机体氧气供应影响的工具。这些模型能够为理解缺氧提供必要信息，还能为有效治疗提供依据，凸显了机体对缺氧各种反应的重要性。选择模型时的主要参数应是可重复性以及科学家想要达成的目标。大鼠缺氧可通过外源性和内源性两种方式再现。撰写本综述的目的是将文献中可用的大鼠模型进行系统化整理，以便科学家们进行选择。为了评估从这些模型获得的信息并将这些结果外推至人类以形成必要的概括，需要明确并理解每个模型的相对优势和局限性。尽管存在这些问题，但动物模型对于理解缺氧发生发展所涉及的机制一直并仍然至关重要。所选研究的纳入标准是对研究中获得的方法和结果进行全面综述。这使得进行概括并就这些方法的应用给出建议成为可能。本综述将帮助科学家选择合适的缺氧模拟方法，并有助于解读用这些方法获得的结果。
