Department of Social Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark.
Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark.
Scand J Public Health. 2024 Mar;52(2):184-192. doi: 10.1177/14034948221149758. Epub 2023 Jan 31.
Foetuses exposed to smoking during pregnancy are disadvantaged due to numerous adverse obstetric outcomes. This study aimed to examine 1) inequality in maternal smoking between subgroups of pregnant women and 2) significant risk factors of maternal smoking.
Data were collected from Danish registries. Trends in maternal smoking within each study period, T1 (2000-2002) and T2 (2014-2016), were investigated by Poisson regression calculating prevalence proportion ratios, and trends between study periods were studied by adding an interaction term. The significance of risk factors for maternal smoking (low age, low education, living alone and having a moderate/severe mental health condition) were studied by interaction analysis on the additive scale.
The prevalence of maternal smoking decreased from 21% in 2000 to 7% in 2016. Decreases were found in all subgroups of maternal age, cohabitation status, educational level and mental health condition. However, large differences in smoking prevalence between subgroups were found, and inequality in maternal smoking increased from 2000 to 2016. The probability of maternal smoking increased with the addition of risk factors, and positive additive interactions were found for almost all combinations of multiple risk factors.
Our results provide knowledge on risk factors and increasing levels of inequality in maternal smoking which points to a need for targeted interventions in relation to maternal smoking for subgroups of pregnant women in future smoking cessation programmes and in antenatal care.
由于众多不良产科结局，孕期暴露于吸烟环境中的胎儿处于不利地位。本研究旨在检验 1）孕妇亚组中母亲吸烟的不平等情况，以及 2）母亲吸烟的显著危险因素。
数据来自丹麦登记处。通过泊松回归计算流行比例比，研究每个研究期间（T1：2000-2002 年和 T2：2014-2016 年）母亲吸烟的趋势，并通过添加交互项研究研究期间的趋势。通过对附加尺度的交互分析研究母亲吸烟的危险因素（低龄、低教育程度、独居和中度/重度心理健康状况）的显著性。
母亲吸烟的流行率从 2000 年的 21%下降到 2016 年的 7%。在母亲年龄、同居状况、教育程度和心理健康状况的所有亚组中均发现了下降。然而，亚组之间吸烟流行率存在很大差异，并且从 2000 年到 2016 年，母亲吸烟的不平等程度有所增加。随着危险因素的增加，母亲吸烟的可能性增加，并且几乎所有多种危险因素组合都存在正的附加交互作用。
我们的结果提供了有关危险因素和母亲吸烟不平等程度增加的知识，这表明需要针对未来的戒烟计划和产前保健中的孕妇亚组开展针对母亲吸烟的针对性干预措施。
