Yamashita Sho, Ikegame Satoshi, Nakatomi Keita, Sakurai Yuko, Shuto Hiroe, Sato Noriko, Mizoguchi Yoshihiro, Uehara Maki, Nakashima Nobutaka, Okamoto Isamu, Koto Hiroshi
Kyushu Central Hospital of the Mutual Aid Association of Public School Teachers, Fukuoka, Japan.
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Microbiol Spectr. 2023 Feb 1;11(2):e0416222. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.04162-22.
Under the strict quarantine policy imposed to combat the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic in Japan, the prevalence of respiratory infections by viruses other than SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) has been largely unknown. However, such information on viral circulation is important in order to develop better management policies that are based on scientific data. Here, we retrospectively investigated respiratory virus infections in individuals who visited a community hospital with respiratory symptoms between June of 2020 and September of 2021 with the use of the BioFire FilmArray Respiratory Panel 2.1. Virus was detected in 65 out of a total of 328 subjects, with SARS-CoV-2 (67.7%), rhino/enterovirus (18.5%), and parainfluenza virus 3 (7.7%) accounting for most of the infections. No influenza virus or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections were detected. The monthly cases of rhino/enterovirus infection were highest from winter to spring, with this temporal pattern differing from that of SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 was detected more frequently ( < 0.001) in subjects with cough (31/104 cases, 29.8%) than in those without cough (13/224 cases, 5.8%), suggesting that cough might contribute to the prediction of COVID-19. Our findings also suggest that testing for rhino/enterovirus and parainfluenza virus 3, in addition to SARS-CoV-2, may be important for the rigorous diagnosis of respiratory virus infections. Influenza virus, RSV, adenovirus, and rhino/enterovirus were the major respiratory viruses before COVID-19 pandemic. Circulating respiratory viruses may have been affected by our strong quarantine policy during the COVID-19 pandemic. We checked the circulating respiratory viruses from our outpatients by using a multiplex PCR kit that had recently been released. SARS-CoV-2 was the most frequently detected virus, and it was followed by rhino/enterovirus and parainfluenza virus 3. No influenza virus or RSV infections were detected during our study period, suggesting that influenza virus and RSV became almost extinct. COVID-19 cases frequently experienced cough, and this frequency was statistically significantly higher than that observed in the cases without SARS-CoV-2 detection. The cough can be an indicator of COVID-19.
在日本为抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19，即2019冠状病毒病）疫情而实施的严格检疫政策下，严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）以外的其他病毒引起的呼吸道感染流行情况在很大程度上尚不明确。然而，此类病毒传播信息对于制定基于科学数据的更好管理政策非常重要。在此，我们回顾性调查了2020年6月至2021年9月期间因呼吸道症状前往社区医院就诊的个体的呼吸道病毒感染情况，采用了BioFire FilmArray呼吸道病原体检测板2.1。在总共328名受试者中，有65人检测到病毒，其中SARS-CoV-2（67.7%）、鼻病毒/肠道病毒（18.5%）和副流感病毒3型（7.7%）占大多数感染病例。未检测到流感病毒或呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）感染。鼻病毒/肠道病毒感染的月度病例数从冬季到春季最高，这种时间模式与SARS-CoV-2不同。咳嗽的受试者中检测到SARS-CoV-2的频率（31/104例，29.8%）高于无咳嗽的受试者（13/224例，5.8%）（<0.001），这表明咳嗽可能有助于预测COVID-19。我们的研究结果还表明，除检测SARS-CoV-2外，检测鼻病毒/肠道病毒和副流感病毒3型可能对呼吸道病毒感染的严格诊断很重要。在COVID-19疫情之前，流感病毒、RSV、腺病毒和鼻病毒/肠道病毒是主要的呼吸道病毒。COVID-19疫情期间我们严格的检疫政策可能影响了呼吸道病毒的传播。我们使用最近发布的多重PCR试剂盒检查了门诊患者中的呼吸道病毒传播情况。SARS-CoV-2是最常检测到的病毒，其次是鼻病毒/肠道病毒和副流感病毒3型。在我们的研究期间未检测到流感病毒或RSV感染，这表明流感病毒和RSV几乎绝迹。COVID-19病例经常出现咳嗽，且这种频率在统计学上显著高于未检测到SARS-CoV-2的病例。咳嗽可能是COVID-19的一个指标。
