Edderdouri Khalid, Kabbaj Hakima, Laamara Leila, Lahmouddi Noureddine, Lamdarsi Oumayma, Zouaki Amal, El Amin Ghizlane, Zirar Jalila, Seffar Myriam
Mohamed V University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rabat, Morocco.
Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Central Laboratory of Virology, Rabat, Morocco.
Adv Virol. 2023 Jun 20;2023:2679770. doi: 10.1155/2023/2679770. eCollection 2023.
Respiratory viruses are the most involved pathogens in acute respiratory infections. During the COVID-19 pandemic, new elements have been brought to this topic, especially at the diagnostic and therapeutic level. The objective of this work is to describe the epidemiology of respiratory viruses in patients admitted to the Ibn Sina University Hospital of Rabat during a period characterized by the emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2. We conducted a retrospective study from January 1 to December 31. We included all patients treated for acute respiratory infection and for whom a multiplex respiratory panel PCR was requested. Virus detection was performed using a FilmArray RP 2.1 plus BioFire multiplex respiratory panel. The study population was relatively adults with a mean age of 39 years. The sex ratio M/F was 1.20. The survey revealed a high prevalence of 42.3% of patients hospitalized in the adult intensive care unit whose respiratory distress was the most common reason for hospitalization (58%). The positivity rate was 48.1%. This rate was higher in the pediatric population 83.13% compared to adults 29.7%. Monoinfection was found in 36.4% of cases, and codetection in 11.7% of cases. This survey revealed that a total of 322 viruses were detected, HRV being the most incriminated virus (48.7%), followed by RSV in 13.8% of patients. Considering the five most detected viruses in our study (HRV, RSV, PIV3, ADV, and hMPV), we found that the incidence was significantly higher in the pediatric population. SARS-CoV-2 was detected only in adult's population. In our study, we found that influenza A and B viruses, PIV2, MERS, and all bacteria were not detected by this kit during the study period. Regarding the seasonal distribution, RSV and hMPV showed a significantly high incidence during autumn and summer and SARS-CoV-2 and CoV OC43 showed a high peak during winter. In this study, we found a lack of detection of influenza virus and a shift in the usual winter peak of RSV to the summer, while the detection of ADV and HRV was less affected. This difference in detection could be due on the one hand to the difference in stability between enveloped and nonenveloped viruses and on the other hand to the escape of certain viruses to the different sanitary measures introduced after the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic. These same measures were effective against enveloped viruses such as RSV and influenza viruses. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has modified the epidemiology of other respiratory viruses, either directly by viral interference or indirectly by the preventive measures taken.
呼吸道病毒是急性呼吸道感染中最常见的病原体。在新冠疫情期间，这一话题有了新的情况，尤其是在诊断和治疗层面。本研究的目的是描述在以SARS-CoV-2出现和传播为特征的时期，拉巴特伊本·西那大学医院收治患者中呼吸道病毒的流行病学情况。我们进行了一项从1月1日至12月31日的回顾性研究。我们纳入了所有因急性呼吸道感染接受治疗且被要求进行多重呼吸道病原体PCR检测的患者。使用FilmArray RP 2.1 plus BioFire多重呼吸道病原体检测板进行病毒检测。研究人群以成年人为主，平均年龄为39岁。男女比例为1.20。调查显示，在成人重症监护病房住院的患者中，患病率高达42.3%，呼吸窘迫是最常见的住院原因（58%）。阳性率为48.1%。该比率在儿科人群中更高，为83.13%，而成年人中为29.7%。36.4%的病例为单一病毒感染，11.7%的病例为病毒合并感染。本次调查共检测到322种病毒，人鼻病毒（HRV）是最常检测到的病毒（48.7%），其次是呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV），占患者的13.8%。考虑到我们研究中检测到的五种最常见病毒（HRV、RSV、副流感病毒3型、腺病毒和人偏肺病毒），我们发现儿科人群中的发病率显著更高。SARS-CoV-2仅在成人人群中检测到。在我们的研究中，我们发现该检测试剂盒在研究期间未检测到甲型和乙型流感病毒、副流感病毒2型、中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒以及所有细菌。关于季节分布，RSV和人偏肺病毒在秋季和夏季发病率显著较高，而SARS-CoV-2和OC43冠状病毒在冬季出现高峰。在本研究中，我们发现未检测到流感病毒，且RSV通常的冬季高峰转移到了夏季，而腺病毒和HRV的检测受影响较小。这种检测差异一方面可能是由于包膜病毒和非包膜病毒稳定性的差异，另一方面可能是由于某些病毒躲过了新冠疫情宣布后采取的不同卫生措施。这些措施对包膜病毒如RSV和流感病毒有效。SARS-CoV-2的出现改变了其他呼吸道病毒的流行病学情况，要么通过病毒干扰直接改变，要么通过所采取的预防措施间接改变。
