Al Coordination and Ga Interstitial Stability in a β-(AlGa)O Thin Film.

Alloying AlO with GaO to form β-(AlGa)O opens the door to a large number of new possibilities for the fabrication of devices with tunable properties in many high-performance applications such as optoelectronics, sensing systems, and high-power electronics. Often, the properties of these devices are impacted by defects induced during the growth process. In this work, we uncover the crystal structure of a β-(AlGa)O/β-GaO interface grown by molecular beam epitaxy. In particular, we determine Al coordination and the stability of Al and Ga interstitials and their effect on the electronic structure of the material by means of scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with density functional theory. Al atoms can substitutionally occupy both octahedral and tetrahedral sites. The atomic structure of the β-(AlGa)O/β-GaO interface additionally shows Al and Ga interstitials located between neighboring tetrahedrally coordinated cation sites, whose stability will depend on the number of surrounding Al atoms. The presence of Al atoms near interstitials leads to structural distortions in the lattice and creates interstitial-divacancy complexes that will eventually form deep-level states below the conduction band () at -1.25 eV, -1.68 eV, -1.78 eV, -1.83 eV, and -1.86 eV for a Ga interstitial surrounded by zero, one, two, three, and four Al atoms, respectively. These findings bring new insight toward the fabrication of tunable β-(AlGa)O heterostructure-based devices with controlled electronic properties.