Faculty of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad 682506, India.
Center For Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Chidambaram 608502, India.
J Appl Microbiol. 2023 Feb 16;134(2). doi: 10.1093/jambio/lxac088.
Synthetic fertilizers and pesticides are being extensively used in agriculture in order to increase food production to feed the rapidly growing world population. This has negatively affected the soil microbes thereby reducing the agricultural produce. As a safer alternative, microbial fertilizers are now being used as plant growth promoters to improve agricultural yields. A large number of studies are focused on the role of bacteria and multicellular fungi, but plant growth-promoting traits of yeasts, the unicellular fungi are little known. Hence, the present article reviewed the diverse groups of yeasts with the potential to act as plant growth promoters. Plant growth-promoting yeasts (PGPY) have been mainly isolated from the rhizosphere and phyllosphere of major crop plants such as wheat, maize, and rice. Twenty-three genera of yeasts have been reported to have the potential for plant growth promotion (PGP), most of which belong to the phylum Ascomycetes. Dominant PGPY genera include Candida spp., Rhodotorula spp., Cryptococcus spp., and Saccharomyces sp. PGPY are known to exhibit phyto-beneficial attributes viz phytohormone production, phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, improved soil fertility, aid plants to tolerate abiotic stress and also compete effectively against plant pathogens. Over and above these traits, PGPY is Generally Recognized as Safe, making it an ideal candidate to be effectively employed as part of sustainable agricultural practices to ensure food security. The review warrants a need for an in-depth study on the different sources of PGPY other than rhizosphere/phyllosphere and the genes controlling PGP traits.
为了增加粮食产量以养活迅速增长的世界人口，农业中正在广泛使用合成肥料和农药。这对土壤微生物产生了负面影响，从而降低了农业产量。作为一种更安全的选择，微生物肥料现在被用作植物生长促进剂，以提高农业产量。大量研究集中在细菌和多细胞真菌的作用上，但酵母等单细胞真菌的促植物生长特性知之甚少。因此，本文综述了具有作为植物生长促进剂潜力的不同酵母群。植物生长促进酵母（PGPY）主要从小麦、玉米和水稻等主要作物的根际和叶际中分离出来。据报道，有 23 个属的酵母具有植物生长促进（PGP）的潜力，其中大多数属于子囊菌门。主要的 PGPY 属包括 Candida spp.、Rhodotorula spp.、Cryptococcus spp. 和 Saccharomyces sp.。PGPY 被认为具有植物有益属性，例如植物激素的产生、磷酸盐的溶解、铁载体的产生、土壤肥力的提高、帮助植物耐受非生物胁迫以及有效对抗植物病原体。除了这些特性外，PGPY 被普遍认为是安全的，因此它是作为可持续农业实践的一部分有效使用的理想候选物，以确保粮食安全。该综述需要对除根际/叶际以外的 PGPY 不同来源以及控制 PGP 特性的基因进行深入研究。
