Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
Anal Chem. 2023 Feb 14;95(6):3507-3515. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05671. Epub 2023 Feb 1.
ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered significant indicators of cell apoptosis. However, visualizing the interplay between apoptosis-related ATP and ROS is challenging. Herein, we developed a metal-organic framework (MOF)-based nanoprobe for an apoptosis assay using duplex imaging of cellular ATP and ROS. The nanoprobe was fabricated through controlled encapsulation of gold nanorods with a thin zirconium-based MOF layer, followed by modification of the ROS-responsive molecules 2-mercaptohydroquinone and 6-carboxyfluorescein-labeled ATP aptamer. The nanoprobe enables ATP and ROS visualization via fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, respectively, avoiding the mutual interference that often occurs in single-mode methods. Moreover, the dual-modal assay effectively showed dynamic imaging of ATP and ROS in cancer cells treated with various drugs, revealing their apoptosis-related pathways and interactions that differ from those under normal conditions. This study provides a method for studying the relationship between energy metabolism and redox homeostasis in cell apoptosis processes.
ATP 和活性氧（ROS）被认为是细胞凋亡的重要指标。然而，可视化与细胞凋亡相关的 ATP 和 ROS 之间的相互作用具有挑战性。在此，我们开发了一种基于金属有机框架（MOF）的纳米探针，用于通过细胞内 ATP 和 ROS 的双模式成像进行细胞凋亡分析。该纳米探针通过控制金纳米棒与薄的锆基 MOF 层的封装，然后对 ROS 响应分子 2-巯基氢醌和 6-羧基荧光素标记的 ATP 适体进行修饰而制成。纳米探针通过荧光和表面增强拉曼光谱分别实现了对 ATP 和 ROS 的可视化，避免了在单模式方法中经常发生的相互干扰。此外，双模式测定有效地显示了用各种药物处理的癌细胞中 ATP 和 ROS 的动态成像，揭示了它们的细胞凋亡相关途径和相互作用与正常条件下的不同。这项研究提供了一种研究细胞凋亡过程中能量代谢和氧化还原平衡之间关系的方法。
