Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
Expert Rev Neurother. 2023 Jan;23(1):45-57. doi: 10.1080/14737175.2023.2176221. Epub 2023 Feb 8.
Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies (DEEs) encompass a group of neurological disorders caused by either abnormal neuronal development and white matter maturation or even by weak synaptic plasticity. Hitherto, patients commonly have epileptic seizures featuring cognitive dysfunction, such as neurosensory disorders, difficulties in learning, behavioral disturbances, or speech delay.
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current knowledge of DEEs and cognition. Medline/Pubmed database was screened for in-English articles published between 1967-2022 dealing with the topic of DEEs and cognitive development. Two authors independently screened the title and abstract of each record and reviewed the selected articles. Reviews, randomized clinical trials, and case reports were selected.
Scientific literature has never explicitly dealt with the early neuro-psychomotor rehabilitation and neuropsychological assessment of patients with DEEs. Targeted intervention and environmental stimuli can influence the maturation of neuronal circuits and shape changes in physical and mental development based on neuronal plasticity, particularly if applied in 'critical periods' liable to heightened sensitivity. Thus, 'early neurorehabilitation interventions' are worthy of being more and more applied to clinical practice to improve the quality of life and reduce the psychosocial burden on families and caregivers.
发育性和癫痫性脑病（DEE）包括一组由神经元发育和白质成熟异常甚至突触可塑性减弱引起的神经发育障碍。迄今为止，患者通常会出现癫痫发作，伴有认知功能障碍，如神经感觉障碍、学习困难、行为障碍或言语延迟。
本文对 DEE 和认知的现有知识进行了全面回顾。对 1967 年至 2022 年间发表的涉及 DEE 和认知发育主题的英文文章进行了 Medline/Pubmed 数据库筛选。两位作者独立筛选了每条记录的标题和摘要，并对选定的文章进行了回顾。选择了综述、随机临床试验和病例报告。
科学文献从未明确涉及 DEE 患者的早期神经运动康复和神经心理学评估。有针对性的干预和环境刺激可以根据神经元可塑性影响神经元回路的成熟，并改变身体和精神发育的变化，特别是在容易出现高度敏感的“关键期”应用时。因此，“早期神经康复干预”越来越值得应用于临床实践，以提高生活质量，减轻家庭和照顾者的心理社会负担。
