Bauer Pascal, Majisik Alan, Mitter Benedikt, Csapo Robert, Tschan Harald, Hume Patria, Martínez-Rodríguez Alejandro, Makivic Bojan
University of Vienna, Centre for Sports Science and University Sports, Vienna, Austria.
Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
J Strength Cond Res. 2023 Mar 1;37(3):726-732. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004155. Epub 2023 Jan 18.
Bauer, P, Majisik, A, Mitter, B, Csapo, R, Tschan, H, Hume, P, Martínez-Rodríguez, A, and Makivic, B. Body composition of competitive bodybuilders: a systematic review of published data and recommendations for future work. J Strength Cond Res 37(3): 726-732, 2023-The purpose of this review was to systematically summarize studies measuring the body composition of competitive bodybuilding athletes to provide recommended values for preparation and during competition. The protocol was preregistered with PROSPERO (CRD42020197921) and followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. A search of 5 electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, SportDiscus, CINAHL, and Scopus) was conducted to retrieve all relevant publications from January 1, 2000, up to June 13, 2021. Of 16 studies meeting the inclusion criteria, 6 presented longitudinal data on competition preparation and were discussed in detail. In the general preparation phase, body fat levels of bodybuilding athletes ranged between 15.3 and 25.2% (female) and from 9.6 to 16.3% (male). Close to competition, however, body fat levels were substantially lower, ranging from 8.1 to 18.3% for female and 5.8-10.7% for male athletes. All studies comparing relative body fat values at various time points during competition preparation found significant reductions between 30 and 60% in relative body fat, whereas lean mass was mostly maintained. Findings from the studies included in this review suggest that most bodybuilding competitors keep resistance training volume high while increasing aerobic training volume when preparing for competition. Findings on energy intake and macronutrient distribution were unclear and should be addressed in future studies. Further research, especially on contest preparation, is warranted and should include more details about training programs, nutritional strategies, psychosocial situation, anabolic androgen steroid, and supplement use as well as measurement protocols and preparation.
鲍尔，P；马吉西克，A；米特，B；察波，R；察恩，H；休姆，P；马丁内斯 - 罗德里格斯，A；马基维奇，B。竞技健美运动员的身体成分：已发表数据的系统综述及对未来工作的建议。《力量与体能研究杂志》37(3): 726 - 732，2023年——本综述的目的是系统总结测量竞技健美运动员身体成分的研究，以便为备赛和比赛期间提供推荐值。该方案已在国际前瞻性系统评价注册库（PROSPERO，注册号：CRD42020197921）预注册，并遵循系统评价与Meta分析的首选报告项目指南。检索了5个电子数据库（PubMed、科学网、体育学数据库、护理学与健康领域数据库CINAHL和Scopus），以获取2000年1月1日至2021年6月13日期间的所有相关出版物。在符合纳入标准的16项研究中，6项呈现了关于备赛的纵向数据，并进行了详细讨论。在一般备赛阶段，健美运动员的体脂水平在女性为15.3%至25.2%，男性为9.6%至
