Huang Xin, Ding Ke, Liu Jingyi, Wang Zilin, Tang Rong, Xue Lian, Wang Haikun, Zhang Qiang, Tan Zhe-Min, Fu Congbin, Davis Steven J, Andreae Meinrat O, Ding Aijun
School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
Science. 2023 Feb 3;379(6631):457-461. doi: 10.1126/science.add9843. Epub 2023 Feb 2.
Extreme wildfires threaten human lives, air quality, and ecosystems. Meteorology plays a vital role in wildfire behaviors, and the links between wildfires and climate have been widely studied. However, it is not fully clear how fire-weather feedback affects short-term wildfire variability, which undermines our ability to mitigate fire disasters. Here, we show the primacy of synoptic-scale feedback in driving extreme fires in Mediterranean and monsoon climate regimes in the West Coast of the United States and Southeastern Asia. We found that radiative effects of smoke aerosols can modify near-surface wind, air dryness, and rainfall and thus worsen air pollution by enhancing fire emissions and weakening dispersion. The intricate interactions among wildfires, smoke, and weather form a positive feedback loop that substantially increases air pollution exposure.
极端野火威胁着人类生命、空气质量和生态系统。气象学在野火行为中起着至关重要的作用，并且野火与气候之间的联系已得到广泛研究。然而，火灾天气反馈如何影响短期野火变异性尚不完全清楚，这削弱了我们减轻火灾灾害的能力。在此，我们展示了天气尺度反馈在美国西海岸和东南亚的地中海气候和季风气候区引发极端火灾方面的首要作用。我们发现，烟雾气溶胶的辐射效应会改变近地表风、空气干燥度和降雨，从而通过增加火灾排放和减弱扩散来加剧空气污染。野火、烟雾和天气之间复杂的相互作用形成了一个正反馈循环，大幅增加了空气污染暴露。
