Mainline, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Eur Addict Res. 2023;29(2):99-108. doi: 10.1159/000528256. Epub 2023 Feb 2.
The use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) and other image- and performance-enhancing drugs is a growing public health concern. AAS use is associated with various physical and mental harms, including cardiovascular risks, cognitive deficiencies, and dependence. The aim of this study was to determine whether patterns of AAS use and other variables are associated with the presence of an AAS use disorder (AASUD).
An online survey was completed by 103 male AAS consumers visiting gyms. The association of different patterns of AAS consumption (cycling vs. continuous forms of AAS use), psychoactive substance use, mental health disorders, and sociodemographic variables with moderate-severe AASUD (fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ≥4 criteria) was investigated. The associations between duration of AAS use and the AAS dose with moderate-severe AASUD were investigated using logistic regression analysis with moderate-severe AASUD as the dependent variable.
Moderate-severe AASUD was present in 25 (24.3%) of the participants. AAS consumers meeting criteria for moderate-severe AASUD, compared to those that did not, in the last 12 months reported a longer duration of AAS use (in weeks), a higher average AAS dose (mg/week), and a greater number of AAS side effects. Duration of AAS use and the AAS dose were the only independent predictors, with an increase of 3.4% in the probability of moderate-severe AASUD with every week increase of the duration of AAS use in the last year (p < 0.05) and an increase in moderate-severe AASUD of 0.1% with every 10 mg increase in the average AAS dose per week (p < 0.05), respectively.
Our findings show that moderate-severe AASUD is relatively frequent among male AAS consumers and is positively associated with the duration and average dose of AAS use in the last 12 months.
合成代谢雄激素类固醇(AAS)和其他形象和性能增强药物的使用是一个日益严重的公共卫生问题。AAS 的使用与各种身体和精神伤害有关,包括心血管风险、认知缺陷和依赖。本研究的目的是确定 AAS 使用模式和其他变量是否与 AAS 使用障碍(AASUD)的存在相关。
本研究通过在线调查的方式,对 103 名在健身房锻炼的男性 AAS 消费者进行了调查。研究调查了不同的 AAS 消费模式(循环与连续使用 AAS)、精神活性物质使用、心理健康障碍以及社会人口学变量与中度至重度 AASUD(《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第五版≥4 个标准)之间的关系。使用逻辑回归分析,以中度至重度 AASUD 为因变量,分析 AAS 使用时间和 AAS 剂量与中度至重度 AASUD 之间的关系。
在 103 名参与者中,25 名(24.3%)存在中度至重度 AASUD。与未出现中度至重度 AASUD 的参与者相比,在过去 12 个月中,出现中度至重度 AASUD 的 AAS 消费者报告的 AAS 使用时间(周)更长,AAS 平均剂量(mg/周)更高,AAS 副作用更多。AAS 使用时间和 AAS 剂量是唯一的独立预测因素,AAS 使用时间每年增加 3.4%,中度至重度 AASUD 的可能性增加 3.4%(p < 0.05),AAS 平均剂量每周增加 10mg,中度至重度 AASUD 的可能性增加 0.1%(p < 0.05)。
我们的研究结果表明,男性 AAS 消费者中,中度至重度 AASUD 相对常见,且与过去 12 个月中 AAS 使用的时间和平均剂量呈正相关。