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MAP 激酶调节里氏木霉的次生代谢、有性发育和依赖于光照的纤维素酶调节。

MAPkinases regulate secondary metabolism, sexual development and light dependent cellulase regulation in Trichoderma reesei.

机构信息

Center for Health and Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria.

MyPilz GmbH, Wienerbergstrasse 55/13-15, 1120, Vienna, Austria.

出版信息

Sci Rep. 2023 Feb 2;13(1):1912. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-28938-w.

Abstract

The filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei is a prolific producer of plant cell wall degrading enzymes, which are regulated in response to diverse environmental signals for optimal adaptation, but also produces a wide array of secondary metabolites. Available carbon source and light are the strongest cues currently known to impact secreted enzyme levels and an interplay with regulation of secondary metabolism became increasingly obvious in recent years. While cellulase regulation is already known to be modulated by different mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, the relevance of the light signal, which is transmitted by this pathway in other fungi as well, is still unknown in T. reesei as are interconnections to secondary metabolism and chemical communication under mating conditions. Here we show that MAPkinases differentially influence cellulase regulation in light and darkness and that the Hog1 homologue TMK3, but not TMK1 or TMK2 are required for the chemotropic response to glucose in T. reesei. Additionally, MAPkinases regulate production of specific secondary metabolites including trichodimerol and bisorbibutenolid, a bioactive compound with cytostatic effect on cancer cells and deterrent effect on larvae, under conditions facilitating mating, which reflects a defect in chemical communication. Strains lacking either of the MAPkinases become female sterile, indicating the conservation of the role of MAPkinases in sexual fertility also in T. reesei. In summary, our findings substantiate the previously detected interconnection of cellulase regulation with regulation of secondary metabolism as well as the involvement of MAPkinases in light dependent gene regulation of cellulase and secondary metabolite genes in fungi.

摘要

里氏木霉是一种植物细胞壁降解酶的高产菌,这些酶的表达受到多种环境信号的调控,以实现最佳适应,但它也产生广泛的次级代谢产物。可用的碳源和光照是目前已知对分泌酶水平影响最大的两个因素,而次级代谢调控与这两个因素之间的相互作用在近年来变得越来越明显。虽然纤维素酶的调节已被证实受到不同丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)途径的调节,但在 T. reesei 中,光照信号的相关性(该信号在其他真菌中也通过该途径传递)以及与次级代谢和交配条件下的化学通讯的相互联系仍然未知。在这里,我们表明 MAPkinases 以不同的方式影响光照和黑暗条件下的纤维素酶调节,并且 Hog1 同源物 TMK3,但不是 TMK1 或 TMK2,是 T. reesei 中对葡萄糖的趋化反应所必需的。此外,MAPkinases 调节特定次级代谢产物的产生,包括 trichodimerol 和双异戊烯醇,这是一种对癌细胞具有细胞抑制作用和对幼虫具有威慑作用的生物活性化合物,在促进交配的条件下,这反映了化学通讯的缺陷。缺乏任何一种 MAPkinases 的菌株都会变得雌性不育,这表明 MAPkinases 在性生育中的作用在 T. reesei 中也得到了保守。总之,我们的发现证实了先前检测到的纤维素酶调节与次级代谢调节之间的相互联系,以及 MAPkinases 参与真菌中光照依赖的纤维素酶和次级代谢物基因的基因调控。

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