Uslu Sinan, Vögele Claus
Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2023 Jan 17;17:1077039. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1077039. eCollection 2023.
Real time electroencephalogram (EEG) based neurofeedback has been shown to be effective in regulating brain activity, thereby modifying cognitive performance and behavior. Nevertheless, individual variations in neurofeedback learning rates limit the overall efficacy of EEG based neurofeedback. In the present study we investigated the effects of learning rate and control over training realized by self-pacing on cognitive performance and electrocortical activity. Using a double-blind design, we randomly allocated 60 participants to either individual upper alpha (IUA) or sham neurofeedback and subsequently to self- or externally paced training. Participants receiving IUA neurofeedback improved their IUA activity more than participants receiving sham neurofeedback. Furthermore, the learning rate predicted enhancements in resting-state activity and mental rotation ability. The direction of this linear relationship depended on the neurofeedback condition being positive for IUA and negative for sham neurofeedback. Finally, self-paced training increased higher-level cognitive skills more than externally paced training. These results underpin the important role of learning rate in enhancing both resting-state activity and cognitive performance. Our design allowed us to differentiate the effect of learning rate between neurofeedback conditions, and to demonstrate the positive effect of self-paced training on cognitive performance in IUA neurofeedback.
基于实时脑电图（EEG）的神经反馈已被证明在调节大脑活动方面有效，从而改善认知表现和行为。然而，神经反馈学习率的个体差异限制了基于EEG的神经反馈的整体效果。在本研究中，我们调查了学习率以及自我节奏控制训练对认知表现和皮层电活动的影响。采用双盲设计，我们将60名参与者随机分配到个体上α波（IUA）神经反馈组或假神经反馈组，随后再分为自我节奏训练组或外部节奏训练组。接受IUA神经反馈的参与者比接受假神经反馈的参与者在IUA活动方面改善得更多。此外，学习率可预测静息状态活动和心理旋转能力的增强。这种线性关系的方向取决于神经反馈条件，对IUA神经反馈为正，对假神经反馈为负。最后，自我节奏训练比外部节奏训练更能提高高级认知技能。这些结果支持了学习率在增强静息状态活动和认知表现方面的重要作用。我们的设计使我们能够区分不同神经反馈条件下学习率的影响，并证明自我节奏训练对IUA神经反馈中认知表现的积极影响。
