Güven Ahmet Zeki, Arslan Gökmen
Faculty of Education, Department of Turkish Language Education, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey.
Front Psychol. 2023 Jan 17;13:1104611. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1104611. eCollection 2022.
The widespread adoption of positive psychology at the beginning of the century has fortified the scholarly foundations of "happiness." Thus, researchers have focused on "happiness" rather than "suffering" in boosting the joy of life within positive psychology, aiming for individuals to achieve peace with themselves and society. With the developments in positive psychology, over recent years, the idea of integrating both positive and negative aspects of human nature to build a better life for oneself and others has contributed to the rise of second-wave positive psychology (PP 2.0). The present study aimed to explore suffering and happiness in Turkish folk culture through a sample of poems by and . The study results indicated that suffering-themed concepts were mentioned more than happiness-themed concepts. Within the theme of suffering, the world was the most frequently mentioned concept in Mahzuni's works. He emphasizes in his works that the world is the source of many sufferings. In Ertas's poems, moreover, love was found to be the most frequently mentioned suffering-themed concept. Ertas considers love to be the most significant source of suffering. It was also determined that while separation is the least used concept in the theme of suffering in Mahzuni's verses, it is never mentioned in Ertas's poems. Other concepts pointing to the theme of suffering are poverty, ignorance, longing, death, and slavery. We found that the theme of happiness is mentioned much less frequently than the theme of suffering. While the most used happiness-themed concept is misery/remedy, in Mahzuni's words, love is cited in Ertas's poems. Expressing the view that suffering can be an opportunity for people, Mahzuni emphasizes in his poems that people can grow by learning lessons from their suffering. Ertas, moreover, sees love as the most important source of happiness. The other concepts referencing happiness in the poems were friend, mother, soft answer, and spring. Overall, the results suggest that suffering is an important source of building resilience, which, in turn, can produce happiness. People can grow with the help of the experience of suffering so that this experience can contribute to their flourishing.
本世纪初积极心理学的广泛采用巩固了“幸福”的学术基础。因此，在积极心理学中，研究人员在提升生活乐趣方面关注的是“幸福”而非“苦难”，旨在让个体与自己及社会达成和解。随着积极心理学的发展，近年来，将人性的积极和消极方面整合起来为自己和他人创造更美好生活的理念推动了第二波积极心理学（PP 2.0）的兴起。本研究旨在通过[作者姓名1]和[作者姓名2]的一组诗歌样本，探索土耳其民间文化中的苦难与幸福。研究结果表明，以苦难为主题的概念比以幸福为主题的概念被提及得更多。在苦难主题中，“世界”是马赫祖尼作品中最常被提及的概念。他在作品中强调世界是诸多苦难的根源。此外，在埃尔塔斯的诗歌中，“爱”被发现是最常被提及的以苦难为主题的概念。埃尔塔斯认为爱是苦难的最重要根源。研究还确定，虽然“分离”是马赫祖尼诗句中苦难主题里最少被使用的概念，但在埃尔塔斯的诗歌中从未被提及。其他指向苦难主题的概念有贫穷、无知、渴望、死亡和奴役。我们发现幸福主题被提及的频率远低于苦难主题。虽然最常被使用的以幸福为主题的概念是“苦难/补救”，用马赫祖尼的话说，在埃尔塔斯的诗歌中则提到了“爱”。马赫祖尼在他的诗歌中强调苦难可以成为人们成长的机会，表达了苦难对人们而言可能是一种机遇的观点。此外，埃尔塔斯将爱视为幸福的最重要源泉。诗歌中提及幸福的其他概念有朋友、母亲、温和的回答和春天。总体而言，结果表明苦难是培养复原力的重要源泉，而复原力反过来又能产生幸福。人们可以借助苦难的经历实现成长，从而使这种经历有助于他们的茁壮成长。
