Yampey N
Acta Psiquiatr Psicol Am Lat. 1980 Dec;26(4):308-17.
The author points to the universal character of this complex psychic reality, i.e. happiness, and intends to define and describe its characteristics. Etymologically speaking, it means joy that is experienced through the object reached or the objective achieved, achievements which presuppose activity and effort. This psychological state is a pleasant, relative and dynamic one and shows itself up through the impulses that lead to spontaneous actions which are in harmony with the fundamental tendencies of the subject. They are not alien to running risks and to the will of victory. Some people believe happiness is attained at random, others think it is an art and a science to be developped by voluntary effort. Limited as it is by the order of universe and human constitution, its being a spiritual condition conveys a transcendency to it but by the same token it implies the sacrifice of immediate pleasure. Love between two people is its paramount paradigm. Love originates in sexual attraction but in its development and at its summit there is tenderness and companionship in a mutual relation between two people who share their genitality. Individual happiness is inseparable of collective happiness and on this idea stands social welfare. From the psychoanalytical point of view, the feeling of happiness relates itself to the personality as a whole and presupposes the cooperation in harmony of all the constituents of the self. It occurs when there is an experience of unity between Ego and World, Id or Ego Ideal, unity which is a consequence of having liberated oneself from the repressive instance. It is the result of a synthetic process, is essentially endogenous and is reached by the linking force of narcissistic libido. It is submitted to internal laws, that is why it possesses a passing condition. Enjoyment of happiness presupposes psychic integration and in this sense it is related to the modern health approach as stated by World Health Organization. In this conference both concepts, i.e., happiness and health are correlated.
作者指出这种复杂心理现实的普遍特征，即幸福，并打算对其特征进行定义和描述。从词源学上讲，它意味着通过达到的对象或实现的目标所体验到的喜悦，这些成就以活动和努力为前提。这种心理状态是愉悦的、相对的和动态的，并通过导致自发行动的冲动表现出来，这些行动与主体的基本倾向相协调。它们与冒险和胜利的意志并不陌生。一些人认为幸福是随机获得的，另一些人则认为它是一门需要通过自愿努力来发展的艺术和科学。尽管它受到宇宙秩序和人类体质的限制，但作为一种精神状态，它传达了一种超越性，但同样也意味着牺牲即时的快乐。两个人之间的爱是其最重要的范例。爱起源于性吸引，但在其发展过程中以及在顶峰时，在两个分享性特征的人之间的相互关系中存在着温柔和陪伴。个人幸福与集体幸福密不可分，社会福利基于这一理念。从精神分析的角度来看，幸福的感觉与整个个性相关，并预设了自我所有组成部分的和谐合作。当自我与世界、本我或自我理想之间存在统一的体验时，幸福就会出现，这种统一是将自己从压抑实例中解放出来的结果。它是一个综合过程的结果，本质上是内生的，是通过自恋力比多的连接力达到的。它受内部规律的支配，这就是为什么它具有一种短暂的状态。享受幸福预设了心理整合，从这个意义上说，它与世界卫生组织提出的现代健康方法相关。在本次会议中，幸福和健康这两个概念是相互关联的。
