Adnan Mohammad, Haider Md Faheem, Naseem Nazish, Haider Tanweer
Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India.
Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Drug Res (Stuttg). 2023 Apr;73(4):200-212. doi: 10.1055/a-1974-9078. Epub 2023 Feb 3.
Skin provides an excellent barrier to molecular transport, as the stratum corneum is the most formidable barrier to the passage of most pharmaceuticals. Various attempts have been made to improve drug administration into the body through intact skin. Though very few routes are as attractive as the topical route, drug transport through the skin is challenging. To overcome the challenges, researchers have found a system in which the drug is encapsulated into the vesicle, penetrating deeper into the skin to hit the target site. Vesicular systems like transethosome, an ultra- deformable vesicle (UDV), tend to accumulate in the skin layers. Since transethosomes have small particle size and can easily alter the shape of vesicles compared to other vesicular systems, they can penetrate through the layers of skin. Hence, the drug encapsulated into transethosomes can easily reach the target site. Transethosomes consist of ethanol and phospholipids along with an edge activator. Ethanol and edge activator help to enhance the skin permeation of transethosomes. Various methods of preparation of transethosomes, comparison of transethosomes with other lipid vesicles, characterization of transethosomes, and application of transethosomes have been covered in this review. Transethosomes can deliver a different variety of drugs, such as anticancer, corticosteroids, proteins and peptides, analgesics.
皮肤对分子运输具有出色的屏障作用，因为角质层是大多数药物通过的最强大屏障。人们已经进行了各种尝试来改善药物通过完整皮肤进入体内的情况。尽管很少有途径像局部给药途径那样具有吸引力，但药物经皮运输具有挑战性。为了克服这些挑战，研究人员发现了一种系统，其中药物被包裹在囊泡中，能够更深地渗透到皮肤中以到达靶位点。像转乙脂质体这样的囊泡系统，一种超可变形囊泡（UDV），倾向于在皮肤层中积累。由于转乙脂质体的粒径小，与其他囊泡系统相比能够轻易改变囊泡形状，所以它们能够穿透皮肤层。因此，包裹在转乙脂质体中的药物能够轻易到达靶位点。转乙脂质体由乙醇、磷脂以及边缘活化剂组成。乙醇和边缘活化剂有助于增强转乙脂质体的皮肤渗透作用。本综述涵盖了转乙脂质体的各种制备方法、转乙脂质体与其他脂质囊泡的比较、转乙脂质体的表征以及转乙脂质体的应用。转乙脂质体可以递送多种不同类型的药物，如抗癌药、皮质类固醇、蛋白质和肽、镇痛药。
