Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, VAPAHCS, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
Ageing Res Rev. 2023 Apr;86:101869. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101869. Epub 2023 Feb 1.
Astrocytes are highly polarized neuroglial cells. Polarity is the basis for many of the diverse roles that astrocytes play in the normal and injured brain. Astrocytes are generally dormant and non-migratory under normal physiological conditions, where they perform a wide variety of intricate and essential tasks in preserving CNS homeostasis. In response to pathological insults, astrocytes shift from the normal dormant and homeostatic state to a reactive and migratory state through a process referred to as "reactive astrogliosis". Cell polarity proteins play a key role in the initiation and regulation of migration. Recent evidence suggests that cell polarity proteins are dysregulated during astrogliosis and may modulate astrocyte reactivity and alter the course of disease. Therefore, cell polarity proteins may provide novel therapeutic targets for modulating astrocyte reactivity in brain disorders.
星形胶质细胞是高度极化的神经胶质细胞。极性是星形胶质细胞在正常和受损大脑中发挥多种不同作用的基础。在正常生理条件下，星形胶质细胞通常处于休眠和非迁移状态，在此状态下，它们执行多种复杂且必不可少的任务来维持中枢神经系统的内稳态。星形胶质细胞通过一个称为“反应性星形胶质细胞增生”的过程，从正常休眠和稳态状态转变为反应性和迁移性状态。细胞极性蛋白在迁移的启动和调节中发挥关键作用。最近的证据表明，细胞极性蛋白在星形胶质细胞增生过程中失调，可能调节星形胶质细胞的反应性并改变疾病进程。因此，细胞极性蛋白可能为调节脑疾病中星形胶质细胞的反应性提供新的治疗靶点。
