Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 168 Wenchi Middle Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.
Adv Mater. 2023 Apr;35(17):e2209895. doi: 10.1002/adma.202209895. Epub 2023 Feb 28.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is poised to accelerate the construction of smart cities. However, it requires more than 30 billion sensors to realize the IoT vision, posing great challenges and opportunities for industries of self-powered sensors. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), an emerging new technology, is capable of easily converting energy from surrounding environment into electricity, thus TENG has tremendous application potential in self-powered IoT sensors. At present, TENG encounters a bottleneck to boost output for large-scale commercial use if just by promoting triboelectric charge generation, because the output is decided by the triboelectric charge dynamic equilibrium between generation and decay. To break this bottleneck, the strategy of reducing triboelectric charge decay to enhance TENG output is focused. First, multiple mechanisms of triboelectric charge decay are summarized in detail with basic theoretical principles for future research. Furthermore, recent advances in reducing triboelectric charge decay are thoroughly reviewed and outlined in three aspects: inhibition and application of air breakdown, simultaneous inhibition of air breakdown and triboelectric charge drift/diffusion, and inhibition of triboelectric charge drift/diffusion. Finally, challenges and future research focus are proposed. This review provides reference and guidance for enhancing TENG output.
物联网（IoT）有望加速智慧城市的建设。然而，要实现物联网的愿景，需要超过 300 亿个传感器，这给自供电传感器产业带来了巨大的挑战和机遇。摩擦纳米发电机（TENG）是一种新兴的新技术，能够轻松地将周围环境中的能量转化为电能，因此 TENG 在自供电物联网传感器中有巨大的应用潜力。目前，如果仅仅通过促进摩擦起电来提高 TENG 的输出，TENG 在大规模商业应用中会遇到一个瓶颈，因为输出是由产生和衰减之间的摩擦电荷动态平衡决定的。为了打破这个瓶颈，人们关注的是降低摩擦电荷衰减以提高 TENG 输出的策略。首先，本文详细总结了摩擦电荷衰减的多种机制，并为未来的研究提供了基本的理论原理。此外，还从三个方面彻底回顾和概述了降低摩擦电荷衰减的最新进展：抑制和应用空气击穿、同时抑制空气击穿和摩擦电荷漂移/扩散，以及抑制摩擦电荷漂移/扩散。最后，提出了挑战和未来的研究重点。本文的综述为提高 TENG 的输出提供了参考和指导。
