Novel biosynthesis of MnO NPs using Mycoendophyte: industrial bioprocessing strategies and scaling-up production with its evaluation as anti-phytopathogenic agents.

This report provides the first description of the myco-synthesis of rod-shaped MnO NPs with an average crystallite size of ~ 35 nm, employing extracellular bioactive metabolites of endophytic Trichoderma virens strain EG92 as capping/reducing agents and MnCl·4HO as a parent component. The wheat bran medium was chosen to grow endophytic strain EG92, which produced a variety of bioactive metabolites in extracellular fraction, which increases the yield of MnO NPs to 9.53 g/l. The whole medium and fungal growth conditions that influenced biomass generation were optimized as successive statistical optimization approaches (Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken designs). The production improvements were achieved at pH 5.5, WBE (35%), and inoculum size (10%), which increased X to twelve-folds (89.63 g/l); thereby, P increased to eight-folds (82.93 g/l). After 162 h, X (145.63 g/l) and P (99.52 g/l) on the side of µ and Y were determined as 0.084 and 7.65, respectively. Via Taguchi experimental design, fungus-fabricated MnO NPs reaction was improved by adding 0.25 M of MnCl·4HO to 100% of fungal extract (reducing/capping agents) and adjusting the reaction pH adjusted to ~ 5. This reaction was incubated at 60 °C for 5 h before adding 20% fungal extract (stabilizing agent). Also, P was raised 40-fold (395.36 g/l) over the BC. Our myco-synthesized MnO NPs exhibit faster and more precise antagonistic actions against phytopathogenic bacteria than fungi; they could be employed as an alternative and promised nano-bio-pesticide to manage a variety of different types of disease-pathogens in the future.