College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Apr 20;870:162024. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162024. Epub 2023 Feb 3.
Due to the synergistic effects of biochar and compost/composting, the combined application of biochar and compost (biochar-compost) has been recognized as a highly promising and efficient method of soil improvement. However, the willingness to apply biochar-compost for soil improvement is still low compared to the use of biochar or compost alone. This paper collects data on the application of biochar-compost in several problem soils that are well-known and extensively investigated by agronomists and scientists, and summarizes the effects of biochar-compost application in common problem soils. These typical problem soils are classified based on three different characteristics: climatic zones, abiotic stresses, and contaminants. The improvement effect of biochar-compost in different soils is assessed and directions for further research and suggestions for application are made. Generally, biochar-compost mitigates the high mineralization rate of soil organic matter, phosphorus deficiency and aluminum toxicity, and significantly improves crop yields in most tropical soils. Biochar-compost can help to achieve long-term sustainable management of temperate agricultural soils by sequestering carbon and improving soil physicochemical properties. Biochar-compost has shown positive performance in the remediation of both dry and saline soils by reducing the threat of soil water scarcity or high salinity and improving the consequent deterioration of soil conditions. By combining different mechanisms of biochar and compost to immobilize or remove contaminants, biochar-compost tends to perform better than biochar or compost alone in soils contaminated with heavy metals (HMs) or organic pollutants (OPs). This review aims to improve the practicality and acceptability of biochar-compost and to promote its application in soil. Additionally, the prospects, challenges and future directions for the application of biochar-compost in problem soil improvement were foreseen.
由于生物炭和堆肥/ composting 的协同作用，生物炭和堆肥的联合应用（生物炭-堆肥）已被认为是一种极具前景和高效的土壤改良方法。然而，与单独使用生物炭或堆肥相比，人们对生物炭-堆肥用于土壤改良的意愿仍然较低。本文收集了生物炭-堆肥在几种由农学家和科学家广泛研究的已知问题土壤中的应用数据，并总结了生物炭-堆肥在常见问题土壤中的应用效果。这些典型的问题土壤根据三个不同的特征进行分类：气候带、非生物胁迫和污染物。评估了生物炭-堆肥在不同土壤中的改良效果，并为进一步研究和应用建议指明了方向。一般来说，生物炭-堆肥可以减轻土壤有机质的高矿化率、磷缺乏和铝毒性，并显著提高大多数热带土壤中的作物产量。生物炭-堆肥通过固碳和改善土壤理化性质，有助于实现温带农业土壤的长期可持续管理。生物炭-堆肥在干旱和盐碱土壤的修复中表现出积极的性能，通过减少土壤水分短缺或高盐度的威胁，并改善随之而来的土壤条件恶化。通过结合生物炭和堆肥的不同机制来固定或去除污染物，生物炭-堆肥在重金属（HM）或有机污染物（OP）污染的土壤中往往比生物炭或堆肥单独使用表现更好。本综述旨在提高生物炭-堆肥的实用性和可接受性，并促进其在土壤中的应用。此外，还预见了生物炭-堆肥在问题土壤改良中的应用的前景、挑战和未来方向。
