2019冠状病毒病大流行期间与烟草使用和饮酒增加相关的因素：一项对来自105个国家数据的横断面研究
Factors associated with an increase in tobacco use and alcohol drinking during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study of data from 105 countries.
作者信息
Quadri Mir Faeq A, Lusher Joanne, Folayan Morenike O, Tantawi Maha El, Zuñiga Ariel A, Brown Brandon, Aly Nourhan M, Okeibunor Joseph C, Florencia Giuliana, Jafer Mohammed, Ara Eshrat, Miranda Kessketlen A, Al-Khanati Nuraldeen M, Ellakany Passent, Gaffar Balgis, Ishabiyi Anthonia O, Khan Abeedha T, Khalid Zumama, Lawal Folake B, Nzimande Ntombifuthi, Shamala Anas, Al-Tammemi Ala'a B, Osamika Bamidele E, Yousaf Muhammad A, Virtanen Jorma I, Nguyen Annie L
机构信息
Dental Public Health Division, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.
出版信息
Tob Induc Dis. 2023 Jan 27;21:14. doi: 10.18332/tid/157205. eCollection 2023.
INTRODUCTION
The COVID-19 pandemic has inevitably led to monumental challenges, and alcohol drinking and tobacco use have unlikely been spared. This cross-sectional survey reports on factors associated with an increase in alcohol drinking and tobacco use during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS
An online survey conducted in 2020, generated data from 14899 adults residing in 105 countries. Dependent variables were changes in alcohol drinking and tobacco use. Independent variables were age, sex, education level, job loss, lost or reduced wages, investment/retirement benefits, interrupted substance addiction care, and income level of the countries. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was computed to explore the associations between dependent and independent variables in adjusted models using the backward stepwise method. The probability of including or excluding a covariate was set at p(in)<0.05 and p(out)>0.1, respectively.
RESULTS
Of the regular alcohol consumers (N=4401), 22.9% reported an increase in their alcohol drinking. Of the regular tobacco users (N=2718), 31% reported an increase in their tobacco use. Job loss (Alcohol: AOR=1.26; Tobacco: AOR=1.32) and lost/reduced wages (Alcohol: AOR=1.52; Tobacco: AOR=1.52) were associated with higher odds of increased alcohol drinking and tobacco use. Many interruptions to addiction care (AOR=1.75) were associated with higher odds of increased alcohol drinking. Whereas no interruption to addiction care was associated with lower odds of increased alcohol drinking (AOR=0.77). Also, none (AOR=0.66) or some (AOR=0.70) interruptions to addiction care were associated with lower odds of increased tobacco use.
CONCLUSIONS
This global survey alludes to the unintended consequences of the current COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol drinking and tobacco use. It is critical that the strategies for emergency responses should include support to ameliorate the impact of financial distress and disruption in substance dependence treatment services.
引言
新冠疫情不可避免地带来了巨大挑战，饮酒和吸烟情况也可能受到了影响。这项横断面调查报道了与新冠疫情期间饮酒和吸烟增加相关的因素。
方法
2020年开展了一项在线调查，收集了来自105个国家的14899名成年人的数据。因变量是饮酒和吸烟情况的变化。自变量包括年龄、性别、教育水平、失业、工资减少或损失、投资/退休福利、物质成瘾护理中断以及国家的收入水平。采用多水平逻辑回归分析，使用向后逐步法在调整模型中探索因变量和自变量之间的关联。纳入或排除协变量的概率分别设定为p(in)<0.05和p(out)>0.1。
结果
在经常饮酒者（N=4401）中，22.9%的人报告饮酒量增加。在经常吸烟者（N=2718）中，31%的人报告吸烟量增加。失业（饮酒：调整后比值比[AOR]=1.26；吸烟：AOR=1.32）和工资减少或损失（饮酒：AOR=1.52；吸烟：AOR=1.52）与饮酒和吸烟增加的较高几率相关。许多成瘾护理中断（AOR=1.75）与饮酒增加的较高几率相关。而成瘾护理未中断与饮酒增加的较低几率相关（AOR=0.77）。此外，成瘾护理无中断（AOR=0.66）或有一些中断（AOR=0.70）与吸烟增加的较低几率相关。
结论
这项全球调查揭示了当前新冠疫情对饮酒和吸烟产生的意外后果。应急响应策略应包括提供支持，以减轻经济困境和物质依赖治疗服务中断的影响，这一点至关重要。
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