Sánchez Vara Alejandro, Chamorro José L, Moreno Castellanos Ruben, Alcaraz Saul
School for Doctoral Studies and Research, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2023 Jan 20;14:1066494. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1066494. eCollection 2023.
The study of sports experiences with high levels of performance has led to the observation of two psychological states categorized as optimal, denominated flow and clutch. The objective of this study is to design and validate two brief scales version to measure flow and clutch.
Following the MIMO (Maximum Information, Minimum Discomfort) protocol, three studies are carried out: In Study 1, we developed the short versions of the questionnaires based on theory-driven and data-driven criteria; in Study 2, we used quantitative criteria to validate the short versions; and in Study 3, we checked the final version of each scale to observe their statistical validity and their relation to other variables.
The new short flow scale is made up of seven items, while the clutch scale is made up of five items. Throughout the three studies, evidence is provided of the internal consistency, invariance of the measurement models and content validity, validity related to the responding process and validity in relation to other variables.
This study provides two short versions to evaluate flow and clutch, which will help to continue advancing in the study of optimal psychological states in sport.
对高水平运动表现体验的研究促使人们观察到两种被归类为最佳状态的心理状态，即心流和关键时刻表现。本研究的目的是设计并验证两个简短版本的量表来测量心流和关键时刻表现。
按照MIMO（最大信息，最小不适）方案，进行了三项研究：在研究1中，我们基于理论驱动和数据驱动的标准开发了问卷的简短版本；在研究2中，我们使用定量标准来验证简短版本；在研究3中，我们检查了每个量表的最终版本，以观察其统计效度以及与其他变量的关系。
新的简短心流量表由七个项目组成，而关键时刻表现量表由五个项目组成。在这三项研究中，均提供了关于内部一致性、测量模型的不变性和内容效度、与应答过程相关的效度以及与其他变量相关的效度的证据。
本研究提供了两个简短版本来评估心流和关键时刻表现，这将有助于在运动中最佳心理状态的研究方面继续取得进展。
