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[来自乌克兰的未成年难民及其家庭——儿童和青少年精神病学跨文化实践以及难民门诊(汉堡)的初步经验]

[Refugee Minors from Ukraine and their Families - First Experiences from an Intercultural Practice for Child and Adolescents Psychiatry and an Outpatient Clinic for Refugees/Hamburg].

作者信息

Zindler Areej, Wunderlich Hannah, Nitschke-Janssen Meike

机构信息

Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf Flüchtlingsambulanz O44, Martinistr. 52 20251 Hamburg Deutschland.

Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf Deutschland.

出版信息

Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr. 2023 Feb;72(2):129-147. doi: 10.13109/prkk.2023.72.2.129.

Abstract

Due to the Russian invasion in Ukraine, many families were forced to flee to Germany, often having to leave relatives behind.The outpatient clinic for refugees at Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf coordinates the psychosocial and psychotherapeutic care for refugee minors from Ukraine in Hamburg. The intercultural practice for child and adolescents psychiatry offers on-site consultations for children and adolescents in camps in order to provide a low-threshold access to counseling and diagnostics. Diagnostic and therapeutic experiences to this point indicate the contribution of multifactorial stress to the development of symptoms in Ukrainian minors.The threat of war and displacement seems to be only one of many factors. Although there are some remarkable resilience factors for Ukrainian refugee children and adolescents in comparison to refugees from other countries of origin, the forced adaptation to living and studying conditions in Hamburg bears challenges for many. Additionally due to war experiences psychotherapeutic and psychiatric care is frequently needed. On Germany's side, there is a need for action to ameliorate the accessibility to the health care system for refugees and migrants. Support of therapists in this complex working field is thereby as important as advocacy for the needs of minor refugees in German society.

摘要

由于俄罗斯对乌克兰的入侵,许多家庭被迫逃往德国,常常不得不留下亲人。埃彭多夫大学医院的难民门诊负责协调汉堡地区乌克兰未成年难民的心理社会和心理治疗护理工作。儿童和青少年精神病学的跨文化实践为难民营中的儿童和青少年提供现场咨询,以便为咨询和诊断提供低门槛途径。到目前为止的诊断和治疗经验表明,多因素压力对乌克兰未成年人症状的发展有影响。战争和流离失所的威胁似乎只是众多因素之一。尽管与其他原籍国的难民相比,乌克兰难民儿童和青少年有一些显著的复原力因素,但被迫适应汉堡的生活和学习条件对许多人来说仍面临挑战。此外,由于战争经历,心理治疗和精神科护理经常是必要的。在德国方面,有必要采取行动改善难民和移民获得医疗保健系统的机会。在这个复杂的工作领域,支持治疗师与在德国社会中为未成年难民的需求进行倡导同样重要。

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