Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Binawan University, East Jakarta, Indonesia.
J Prev Med Public Health. 2023 Jan;56(1):21-30. doi: 10.3961/jpmph.22.340. Epub 2022 Dec 29.
To prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), behaviors such as mask-wearing, social distancing, decreasing mobility, and avoiding crowds have been suggested, especially in high-risk countries such as Indonesia. Unfortunately, the level of compliance with those practices has been low. This study was conducted to determine the predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors of COVID-19 prevention behavior in Indonesia.
This cross-sectional study used a mixed-methods approach. The participants were 264 adults from 21 provinces in Indonesia recruited through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a Google Form and in-depth interviews. Statistical analysis included univariate, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression. Furthermore, qualitative data analysis was done through content analysis and qualitative data management using Atlas.ti software.
Overall, 44.32% of respondents were non-compliant with recommended COVID-19 prevention behaviors. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, low-to-medium education level, poor attitude, insufficient involvement of leaders, and insufficient regulation were also associated with decreased community compliance. Based on in-depth interviews with informants, the negligence of the Indonesian government in the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic may have contributed to the unpreparedness of the community to face the pandemic, as people were not aware of the importance of preventive practices.
Education level is not the only factor influencing community compliance with recommended COVID-19 prevention behaviors. Changing attitudes through health promotion to increase public awareness and encouraging voluntary community participation through active risk communication are necessary. Regulations and role leaders are also required to improve COVID-19 prevention behavior.
为了防止 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的传播，建议采取戴口罩、保持社交距离、减少活动和避免人群聚集等行为，尤其是在印度尼西亚等高风险国家。不幸的是，这些措施的遵守程度很低。本研究旨在确定印度尼西亚 COVID-19 预防行为的倾向因素、促成因素和强化因素。
本横断面研究采用混合方法，参与者为来自印度尼西亚 21 个省份的 264 名成年人，通过便利抽样法招募。使用 Google 表格和深入访谈收集数据。统计分析包括单变量、双变量和多变量逻辑回归。此外，通过内容分析和使用 Atlas.ti 软件的定性数据分析进行定性数据分析。
总体而言，44.32%的受访者不遵守推荐的 COVID-19 预防行为。在多变量逻辑回归分析中，低中等教育水平、不良态度、领导参与不足和监管不足也与社区合规性降低有关。根据对受访者的深入访谈，印度尼西亚政府在 COVID-19 大流行初期的疏忽可能导致社区对疫情应对准备不足，因为人们没有意识到预防措施的重要性。
教育水平并不是影响社区遵守推荐的 COVID-19 预防行为的唯一因素。通过健康促进改变态度以提高公众意识，并通过积极的风险沟通鼓励社区自愿参与，这是必要的。还需要制定法规和发挥领导作用，以改善 COVID-19 预防行为。
