Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu, India.
Eur Endod J. 2023 Jan;8(1):72-78. doi: 10.14744/eej.2022.55477.
This study was performed to assess smear layer formation and erosion after final irrigation protocols with metal and non-metal tips in the apical third of root canals.
Forty mandibular premolars were instrumented with ProTaper Gold files up to F3 and embedded in a closed silicone flask system. The teeth were subsequently cleaved and 4 sequential indentations (1 to 4 mm from the apical foramen) were prepared on the buccal root canal walls to standardize sites for environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) imaging. The samples were cleaned in an ultrasonic bath and observed under ESEM (controls), reassembled and divided into four groups (n=10 each) and subjected to different final irrigation protocols; XPF Group (XP-endo Finisher) and PUI Group (passive ultrasonic irrigation) with metal tips; EA Group (EndoActivator) and MDA Group (Manual dynamic agitation) with non-metal tips. The smear layer formation and dentine erosion were evaluated using ESEM. The data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test with Bonferroni correction.
In comparison to the control groups, XPF group had significantly increased smear layer formation at 1 and 2 mm (P<0.05). PUI group had significantly higher smear layer (P<0.05) formation at 3mm while EA and MDA groups did not present with significantly higher smear layer at all levels. Erosion was significantly higher (P<0.05) in MDA, XPF and PUI groups at all levels when compared to controls while EA group presented with significantly more erosion only at 2 and 3 mm.
Final irrigation protocol using EA and MDA with non-metal tips did not result in significant smear layer formation. Dentine erosion was observed after all experimental irrigation protocols. (EEJ-2021-12-194).
本研究旨在评估在根尖三分之一处使用金属和非金属尖端的最终冲洗方案后形成的玷污层和侵蚀情况。
40 颗下颌前磨牙用 ProTaper Gold 锉锉至 F3，并嵌入封闭的硅胶瓶系统中。随后将牙齿劈开，在颊侧根管壁上制备 4 个连续的凹痕（距根尖孔 1 至 4mm），以标准化环境扫描电子显微镜（ESEM）成像的部位。样本在超声浴中清洗，在 ESEM 下观察（对照），重新组装并分为四组（每组 10 个），并进行不同的最终冲洗方案；XPF 组（XP-endo Finisher）和 PUI 组（被动超声冲洗）使用金属尖端；EA 组（EndoActivator）和 MDA 组（手动动态搅拌）使用非金属尖端。使用 ESEM 评估玷污层形成和牙本质侵蚀情况。数据采用 Kruskal-Wallis 检验和 Bonferroni 校正进行分析。
与对照组相比，XPF 组在 1 和 2mm 处的玷污层形成显著增加（P<0.05）。PUI 组在 3mm 处的玷污层形成显著增加（P<0.05），而 EA 和 MDA 组在所有水平均未表现出明显增加的玷污层。与对照组相比，MDA、XPF 和 PUI 组在所有水平的侵蚀均显著增加（P<0.05），而 EA 组仅在 2 和 3mm 处的侵蚀显著增加。
使用非金属尖端的 EA 和 MDA 进行最终冲洗方案不会导致明显的玷污层形成。所有实验冲洗方案后均观察到牙本质侵蚀。（EEJ-2021-12-194）。
