The relationship between the presence of scapula fracture and mortality and morbidity in cases with blunt thoracic trauma.

BACKGROUND

Scapula fractures (SFs) occur as a result of high-energy trauma and are significant in terms of life-threatening injuries. There are few studies showing the relationship between SFs and mortality and morbidity in patients with blunt thoracic trauma (BTT). Our study aims to investigate the relationship between SF and mortality and morbidity in BTT.

METHODS

Adult patients admitted to the emergency department of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, School of Medicine with BTT between January 2019 and April 2021 were retrospectively scanned from hospital records. Patients' age, gender, trauma mechanism, additional organ injuries, need for intensive care, length of hospital stay, morbidity, and mortality rates were recorded. Statistical results were expressed as frequency, percentage, and mean±standard deviation (min-max). In comparisons between groups, p<0.05 was accepted as the significance level.

RESULTS

Two hundred and thirty-eight cases were included in our study. The scapular fracture was present in 86 cases (36.1%). About 43% of the cases with SFs were falling from a height. Intrathoracic injuries accompanying SF were determined as rib fracture, lung contusion, pneumothorax, hemothorax, and sternum fracture, respectively (91.9%, 80.2%, 41.9%, 37.2%, and 15.1%). Extrathoracic injuries associated with SF were vertebral fractures, intracranial injuries, clavicle fractures, extremity fractures, and intra-abdominal injuries (18.6%, 16.3%, 12.8%, 10.5%, and 5.8%), respectively. When the groups with and without SF were compared, a statistically significant relationship was found between SF and the number of rib fractures, lung contusion, pneumothorax, and hemothorax (p<0.001, p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.001). In extrathoracic injuries, there was a significant relationship between SFs and vertebral fractures, intra-cranial injuries, and clavicle fractures (p=0.004, p<0.001, p=0.005). There was no difference observed between the groups regarding sternum fractures, extremity fractures, and intra-abdominal organ injuries (p=0.288, p=0.682, p=0.261). In cases with accompanying SF, there was a significant difference in terms of length of hospital stay, need for intensive care, and mortality (p<0.001, p=0.001, p=0.002).

CONCLUSION

The most common intrathoracic injuries accompanying SFs were rib fractures and lung contusion, and the most common extrathoracic injuries were vertebral fractures and intracranial injuries. Moreover, it was found that SF was highly correlated with length of hospital stay, need for intensive care, and mortality. The most common cause of mortality was found to be intracranial hemorrhage. Imaging of other systems is important in cases with SFs. Particular attention should be paid to head-and-neck injuries.