Analysis of Techniques, Material and Instruments Applied to Digital Dentistry and CAD/CAM Procedures Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
Clin Oral Investig. 2023 Jun;27(6):2923-2933. doi: 10.1007/s00784-023-04892-9. Epub 2023 Feb 7.
The aim of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate peri-implant marginal bone levels (MBLs) and soft tissue dimension changes 1 year after loading. Patients in the control group received bone-level implants, whereas in the test group, tissue-level implants with a convergent transmucosal neck were used.
MBLs were calculated by measuring the distance from the implant shoulder to the first visible bone-to-implant contact using standardized periapical digital radiographs. Baseline (day of loading) and follow-up digital models obtained with an intraoral scanner were used to quantify the changes in the peri-implant soft tissue dimensions with a best-fit algorithm.
The difference between final and baseline MBLs showed a mean bone loss of 0.16 ± 0.01 mm in the test group (n = 15) and 0.45 ± 0.09 mm in the control group (n = 14) (p > 0.05). Soft tissue contour at the level of the gingival margin (GM) increased by 1.96 ± 2.69 mm in the test group and 0.65 ± 0.42 mm in the control group (p = 0.167). Both groups showed a coronal displacement of the gingival margin with no significant differences among them.
The present study demonstrated peri-implant hard and soft tissues stability at both implant designs with no significant differences 12 months after loading.
There is still insufficient scientific evidence to demonstrate the role and advantages of the convergent transmucosal neck on the behavior of the peri-implant soft and hard tissues stability compared to a straight neck in bone-level implants 12 months after loading.
本随机对照临床试验旨在评估种植体加载 1 年后的边缘骨水平（MBL）和软组织维度变化。对照组患者接受骨水平种植体，而试验组患者则使用具有会聚性黏膜下颈的组织水平种植体。
通过使用标准化的根尖数字射线照相术，从种植体肩部到第一个可见的骨-种植体接触点测量 MBL。使用口腔内扫描仪获得的基线（加载日）和随访数字模型，使用最佳拟合算法来量化种植体周围软组织维度的变化。
最终与基线 MBL 之间的差异显示，试验组（n=15）的平均骨损失为 0.16±0.01mm，对照组（n=14）为 0.45±0.09mm（p>0.05）。龈缘（GM）水平软组织轮廓在试验组中增加了 1.96±2.69mm，在对照组中增加了 0.65±0.42mm（p=0.167）。两组均显示出龈缘的冠向移位，但彼此之间无显著差异。
本研究表明，两种种植体设计在种植体加载后 12 个月时均具有稳定的种植体周围软硬组织，无显著差异。
目前还没有足够的科学证据表明，与骨水平种植体的直颈相比，会聚性黏膜下颈在种植体周围软硬组织稳定性方面的作用和优势在种植体加载后 12 个月时是存在的。
