Refalo Martin C, Helms Eric R, Hamilton D Lee, Fyfe Jackson J
Centre for Sport Research (CSR), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
Sports Med Open. 2023 Feb 8;9(1):10. doi: 10.1186/s40798-023-00554-y.
This study examined the influence of proximity-to-failure in resistance training (RT), using subjective repetitions-in-reserve (RIR) prediction, on neuromuscular fatigue and perceptual responses.
Twenty-four resistance-trained males (n = 12) and females (n = 12) completed three experimental trials in a randomised order, each involving six RT sets (barbell bench press) with 75% 1-RM performed to either momentary muscular failure (FAIL), 1-RIR, or 3-RIR. Changes in lifting velocity with a fixed load were assessed from pre-exercise to post-exercise with the aim of quantifying acute neuromuscular fatigue (4 min post-exercise) and the associated time course of recovery (24 and 48 h post-exercise), and from the first to final set performed. Perceptual responses to RT were assessed at multiple time points during and following RT.
Decreases in lifting velocity at 4 min post-exercise were greater for FAIL ( - 25%) versus 1-RIR ( - 13%) and 3-RIR ( - 8%), with greater decreases for male ( - 29%) versus female ( - 21%) participants following FAIL. At 24 h post-exercise, decreases in lifting velocity were greater for FAIL ( - 3%) and 1-RIR ( - 3%) versus 3-RIR (+ 2%), with all between-protocol differences diminishing at 48 h post-exercise. Loss of lifting velocity from the first to final set was greater for FAIL ( - 22%) versus 1-RIR ( - 9%) and 3-RIR ( - 6%), with a greater lifting velocity loss from the first to final set for males ( - 15%) versus females ( - 9%). As proximity-to-failure neared, ratings of perceived discomfort, exertion, and muscle soreness increased, general feelings worsened, and perceived recovery decreased.
These findings support a linear relationship between RT proximity-to-failure and both acute neuromuscular fatigue and negative perceptual responses, which may influence long-term physiological adaptations and adherence to RT.
本研究使用主观重复预留次数（RIR）预测，探讨抗阻训练（RT）中接近力竭程度对神经肌肉疲劳和感知反应的影响。
24名经过抗阻训练的男性（n = 12）和女性（n = 12）以随机顺序完成三项实验，每项实验包括六组RT（杠铃卧推），采用75%的1次最大重复量，直至瞬间肌肉力竭（FAIL）、1-RIR或3-RIR。从运动前到运动后评估固定负荷下的举重速度变化，目的是量化急性神经肌肉疲劳（运动后4分钟）以及相关的恢复时间进程（运动后24小时和48小时），以及从第一组到最后一组的变化。在RT期间和之后的多个时间点评估对RT的感知反应。
运动后4分钟，FAIL组（-25%）的举重速度下降幅度大于1-RIR组（-13%）和3-RIR组（-8%），FAIL后男性参与者（-29%）的下降幅度大于女性参与者（-21%）。运动后24小时，FAIL组（-3%）和1-RIR组（-3%）的举重速度下降幅度大于3-RIR组（+2%），运动后48小时所有组间差异均减小。从第一组到最后一组，FAIL组（-22%）的举重速度损失大于1-RIR组（-9%）和3-RIR组（-6%），男性从第一组到最后一组的举重速度损失（-15%）大于女性（-9%）。随着接近力竭程度增加，感知到的不适、用力程度和肌肉酸痛评分升高，总体感觉变差，感知到的恢复程度降低。
这些发现支持了RT接近力竭程度与急性神经肌肉疲劳和负面感知反应之间的线性关系，这可能会影响长期的生理适应和对RT的坚持。
