卧推运动中储备重复次数的估计：我们应该考虑性别和运动器材吗？
Estimating Repetitions in Reserve During the Bench Press Exercise: Should We Consider Sex and the Exercise Equipment?
作者信息
Ruiz-Alias Santiago A, Baena-Raya Andrés, Hernández-Martínez Alba, Díez-Fernández David M, Rodríguez-Pérez Manuel A, Pérez-Castilla Alejandro
机构信息
Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Sport and Health University Research Center (iMUDS), Granada, Spain.
出版信息
Sports Health. 2024 Oct 9:19417381241285891. doi: 10.1177/19417381241285891.
BACKGROUND
Estimating repetitions in reserve (RIR) has been established as a valid and practical method for monitoring set configuration concerning proximity to failure in resistance training. However, factors such as sex and exercise equipment could interfere with the estimation process. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the influence of sex (female vs male) and exercise equipment (free-weight vs Smith machine) on the RIR estimation at different relative loads during the bench press exercise.
HYPOTHESIS
Men would be more accurate than women in the RIR estimation, and participants would better perceive their actual effort at the Smith machine compared with the free-weight bench press exercise.
STUDY DESIGN
Repeated measures design.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level 3.
METHODS
In a counterbalanced order, recreationally trained participants (12 female, 14 male) performed 2 identical sessions with the free-weight bench press exercise in 1 week and 2 identical sessions with the Smith machine bench press exercise in another week (first session for familiarization and second session for validity analysis). In each session, participants performed single sets of repetitions to failure against 3 relative loads (65%, 75%, and 85% of the 1-repetition maximum [1RM]).
RESULTS
Results revealed a significant interaction between RIR and sex at 65% 1RM ( < 0.01; women: -1.2 [-1.7 to -0.6] repetitions; men: -0.1 [-0.6 to 0.3] repetitions), and between RIR and exercise equipment at 65% 1RM ( < 0.01; free-weight: -1.1 [-1.5 to -0.6] repetitions; Smith machine: -0.2 [-0.6 to 0.2] repetitions), but not at 75% and 85% 1RM.
CONCLUSIONS
RIR estimation is a valid method for monitoring set configuration. However, this method tends to underestimate RIR at 65%1RM with female athletes and in the free-weight exercise for both sexes.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Strength and conditioning coaches should help their athletes understand effort awareness in the aforementioned context.
背景
预估储备重复次数（RIR）已被确立为一种有效且实用的方法，用于监测抗阻训练中接近力竭时的训练量配置。然而，性别和训练器材等因素可能会干扰预估过程。因此，本研究旨在确定性别（女性与男性）和训练器材（自由重量器械与史密斯机）对卧推训练中不同相对负荷下RIR预估的影响。
假设
在RIR预估方面，男性比女性更准确；与自由重量卧推训练相比，参与者在使用史密斯机时能更好地感知自身实际用力程度。
研究设计
重复测量设计。
证据水平
3级。
方法
经过娱乐性训练的参与者（12名女性，14名男性）以平衡的顺序，在一周内进行2次相同的自由重量卧推训练，在另一周内进行2次相同的史密斯机卧推训练（第一次训练用于熟悉，第二次训练用于效度分析）。在每次训练中，参与者针对3种相对负荷（1次重复最大值[1RM]的65%、75%和85%）进行单组重复至力竭。
结果
结果显示，在1RM的65%时，RIR与性别之间存在显著交互作用（P<0.01；女性：-1.2[-1.7至-0.6]次重复；男性：-0.1[-0.6至0.3]次重复），以及在1RM的65%时，RIR与训练器材之间存在显著交互作用（P<0.01；自由重量器械：-1.1[-1.5至-0.6]次重复；史密斯机：-0.2[-0.6至0.2]次重复），但在1RM的75%和85%时不存在。
结论
RIR预估是一种监测训练量配置的有效方法。然而，该方法在女性运动员进行1RM的65%负荷训练时以及男女进行自由重量训练时，往往会低估RIR。
临床意义
力量与体能教练应帮助运动员在上述情境下理解用力感知。
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