Ouellet Julien, Spinney Sean, Assaf Roxane, Boers Elroy, Livet Audrey, Potvin Stéphane, Conrod Patricia
CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Schizophr Bull Open. 2022 Nov 30;4(1):sgac072. doi: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac072. eCollection 2023 Jan.
Increasing evidence implicates cannabis consumption as a key risk factor in the development of psychosis, but the mechanisms underpinning this relationship remain understudied. This study proposes to determine whether sleep disruption acts as a mediator of the cannabis-to-psychosis relationship.
This longitudinal study assessed measures of cannabis use frequency, sleep quality (SQ), and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) were collected using self-reported questionnaires. Data were collected from September 2012 to September 2018. Data were collected from a general population sample of adolescents who entered the seventh grade in 31 schools in the Greater Montreal area. The study uses data collected on an annual basis from 3801 high school students from grades 7 to 11. The aforementioned measures were measured using the Detection of Alcohol and Drug Problems in Adolescents questionnaire, a SQ Likert scale, and measures the Psychotic-Like Experiences Questionnaire for Children.
Results show a reciprocal 1-year cross-lagged effect of cannabis use and sleep (β = -0.076, 95% CI = -0.037 to -0.018, = .000), of sleep on cannabis use (β = -.016, 95% CI = -0.025 to -0.006, = .007), of sleep on PLEs (β = -0.077, 95%CI = -0.014 to -0.051, = .000), and of PLEs on sleep (β = -0.027, 95% CI = -0.037 to -0.018, = .000). We additionally found a 2 years indirect lagged-effect of cannabis use on PLEs (β = 0.068, 95% CI = 0.024 to 0.113, = .011) mediated by 1-year sleep (β = 0.006, 95% CI = 0.003 to 0.009, = .001).
Our results suggest sleep disruptions simultaneously aggravate, and are aggravated by, cannabis addiction and PLEs. The longitudinal sleep-mediated effect of cannabis use on PLEs encourages further research into the role of sleep as a potential therapeutic target in the prevention of cannabis-related psychosis.
越来越多的证据表明，吸食大麻是精神病发展的一个关键风险因素，但这种关系背后的机制仍未得到充分研究。本研究旨在确定睡眠中断是否是大麻与精神病关系的中介因素。
这项纵向研究使用自我报告问卷收集了大麻使用频率、睡眠质量（SQ）和类精神病体验（PLEs）的测量数据。数据收集时间为2012年9月至2018年9月。数据来自大蒙特利尔地区31所学校七年级入学的青少年总体样本。该研究使用了从3801名7至11年级高中生每年收集的数据。上述测量使用青少年酒精和药物问题检测问卷、睡眠质量李克特量表以及儿童类精神病体验问卷进行。
结果显示，大麻使用与睡眠之间存在相互的1年交叉滞后效应（β = -0.076，95%可信区间 = -0.037至-0.018，P = .000），睡眠对大麻使用有影响（β = -.016，95%可信区间 = -0.025至-0.006，P = .007），睡眠对类精神病体验有影响（β = -0.077，95%可信区间 = -0.014至-0.051，P = .000），类精神病体验对睡眠有影响（β = -0.027，95%可信区间 = -0.037至-0.018，P = .000）。我们还发现，大麻使用对类精神病体验存在2年的间接滞后效应（β = 0.068，95%可信区间 = 0.024至0.113，P = .011），由1年的睡眠介导（β = 0.006，95%可信区间 = 0.003至0.009，P = .001）。
我们的结果表明，睡眠中断同时会加重大麻成瘾和类精神病体验，并且自身也会因它们而加重。大麻使用对类精神病体验的纵向睡眠介导效应促使进一步研究睡眠作为预防大麻相关精神病潜在治疗靶点的作用。
