An overview of interventional radiology techniques for the diagnosis and management of vascular anomalies: Part 2.

Minimally invasive percutaneous and endovascular strategies performed by interventional radiologists have become the mainstays of treatment for vascular anomalies with improved outcomes, decreased complication rates, and less morbidity. The aim of this article is to introduce physicians who care for patients with vascular anomalies to state-of-the-art advancements in interventional radiology for diagnosis and treatment. Part 2 of this review discusses embolization, endovenous laser ablation, and image-guided percutaneous biopsy. Please see Part 1 for a discussion of sclerotherapy and cryoablation. Select vascular anomalies will be discussed as examples to highlight IR diagnostic and/or treatment techniques.