School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qianjiang Road, 230012 Hefei, Anhui, China.
School of Acupuncture and Massage, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 230012 Hefei, Anhui, China.
Rev Neurosci. 2023 Feb 10;34(7):763-773. doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0155. Print 2023 Oct 26.
The brain-gut axis forms a bidirectional communication system between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and cognitive brain areas. Disturbances to this system in disease states such as inflammatory bowel disease have consequences for neuronal activity and subsequent cognitive function. The gut-microbiota-brain axis refers to the communication between gut-resident bacteria and the brain. This circuits exists to detect gut microorganisms and relay information to specific areas of the central nervous system (CNS) that in turn, regulate gut physiology. Changes in both the stability and diversity of the gut microbiota have been implicated in several neuronal disorders, including depression, autism spectrum disorder Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. Correcting this imbalance with medicinal herbs, the metabolic products of dysregulated bacteria and probiotics have shown hope for the treatment of these neuronal disorders. In this review, we focus on recent advances in our understanding of the intricate connections between the gut-microbiota and the brain. We discuss the contribution of gut microbiota to neuronal disorders and the tangible links between diseases of the GI tract with cognitive function and behaviour. In this regard, we focus on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) given its strong links to brain function and anxiety disorders. This adds to the growing body of evidence supporting targeted therapeutic strategies to modulate the gut microbiota for the treatment of brain/mental-health-related disease.
脑肠轴形成了胃肠道（GI）和认知脑区之间的双向通讯系统。在炎症性肠病等疾病状态下，该系统的紊乱会对神经元活动和随后的认知功能产生影响。肠道微生物群-脑轴是指肠道驻留细菌与大脑之间的通讯。该回路的存在是为了检测肠道微生物，并将信息传递给中枢神经系统（CNS）的特定区域，而中枢神经系统反过来又调节肠道生理学。肠道微生物群的稳定性和多样性的变化与几种神经元疾病有关，包括抑郁症、自闭症谱系障碍、帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病和多发性硬化症。用草药、失调细菌的代谢产物和益生菌来纠正这种失衡，为治疗这些神经元疾病带来了希望。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了我们对肠道微生物群和大脑之间复杂联系的最新理解。我们讨论了肠道微生物群对神经元疾病的贡献，以及胃肠道疾病与认知功能和行为之间的明显联系。在这方面，我们重点关注肠易激综合征（IBS），因为它与大脑功能和焦虑障碍有很强的联系。这增加了越来越多的证据支持靶向治疗策略，以调节肠道微生物群来治疗与大脑/心理健康相关的疾病。
