Department of Psychology, Arizona State University.
Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University.
Psychol Addict Behav. 2023 Nov;37(7):906-917. doi: 10.1037/adb0000908. Epub 2023 Feb 9.
Theoretical models of addictive behavior suggest that subjective effects serve as a mechanism through which substance use disorders develop. However, little is known about the subjective effects of simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use, particularly whether simultaneous use (a) heightens specific subjective effects or (b) is related to unique subjective effects relative to single-substance effects. The present study used formative, qualitative data analysis to examine patterns of responses within open-answer text response data on subjective effects of simultaneous use.
College students who simultaneously use alcohol and cannabis ( = 443; 68.2% female) were asked to describe how alcohol effects differ on simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use versus alcohol-only use days.
Conventional content analysis revealed nine concepts related to simultaneous (vs. alcohol-only) use subjective effects including as follows: (a) increased/decreased impairment, (b) low arousal/relaxation, (c) balancing/replacement effects, (d) "cross-faded" effects, (e) little-to-no differences, (f) altered sensation and perception, (g) increased negative affective states, (h) increased appetite, and (i) increased/decreased negative consequences. Increased impairment ( = 191) and increased relaxation ( = 110) were the most often endorsed subjective effects, followed by decreased impairment (N = 55), balancing/replacement effects ( = 50) and cross-faded/enhancement effects ( = 44).
Subjective effects from simultaneous use largely map onto domains of single-substance alcohol and cannabis effects (e.g., relaxation, sociability, cognitive/behavioral impairment), but also include distinct domains related to simultaneous use (e.g., balancing/replacement effects, altered sensation and perception). Future quantitative research is needed to validate measures of subjective effects from simultaneous use and their relations with use behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
成瘾行为的理论模型表明，主观效应是物质使用障碍发展的一种机制。然而，对于同时使用酒精和大麻的主观效应知之甚少，特别是同时使用（a）是否会增强特定的主观效应，或（b）与单一物质效应相比，是否与独特的主观效应相关。本研究使用形成性、定性数据分析来检验同时使用酒精和大麻的主观效应的开放式回答文本响应数据中的响应模式。
同时使用酒精和大麻的大学生（n = 443；68.2%为女性）被要求描述酒精对同时使用酒精和大麻与仅使用酒精的日子的影响有何不同。
常规内容分析揭示了九个与同时（与酒精单独使用相比）使用主观效应相关的概念，包括以下内容：（a）增加/减少损伤，（b）低唤醒/放松，（c）平衡/替代效应，（d）“交叉淡化”效应，（e）几乎没有差异，（f）改变感觉和知觉，（g）增加负面情绪状态，（h）增加食欲，和（i）增加/减少负面后果。最常被认可的主观效应是损伤增加（n = 191）和放松增加（n = 110），其次是损伤减少（n = 55）、平衡/替代效应（n = 50）和交叉淡化/增强效应（n = 44）。
同时使用的主观效应主要映射到单一物质酒精和大麻效应的领域（例如，放松、社交性、认知/行为损伤），但也包括与同时使用相关的独特领域（例如，平衡/替代效应、改变感觉和知觉）。未来需要进行定量研究，以验证同时使用的主观效应及其与使用行为的关系的测量方法。
