Department of Psychology.
Center for Alcohol and Addictions Studies.
Psychol Assess. 2022 Sep;34(9):811-826. doi: 10.1037/pas0001147. Epub 2022 May 12.
Social learning theories suggest that outcome expectancies are strong determinants of behavior, and studies find that alcohol and cannabis expectancies are associated with negative substance use outcomes. However, there are no measures to date that assess expectancies for simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use (SAM), often referred to as SAM, despite strong links with negative consequences and rising time trends. The present study sought to provide initial validation of test scores for the Anticipated Effects of Simultaneous Alcohol and Cannabis Use Scale (AE-SAM), using a sample of past month college student simultaneous users ( = 434). Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis conducted in random half samples suggested five expectancy factors, representing high arousal positive, high arousal negative (alcohol driven), high arousal negative (cannabis driven), low arousal positive, and low arousal negative expectancies. The factor structure was invariant across sex, race/ethnicity, and simultaneous use frequency, and demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity with other alcohol/cannabis expectancy measures. AE-SAM high arousal positive expectancies were associated with simultaneous use frequency and heavier drinking/cannabis use, AE-SAM high arousal negative (cannabis driven) expectancies were associated with less frequent simultaneous use and more negative alcohol consequences, and AE-SAM low arousal negative expectancies were associated with less cannabis use. Effects of AE-SAM high arousal positive and high arousal negative (cannabis driven) expectancies remained, above and beyond other expectancy measures, suggesting that AE-SAM expectancies provide additional information beyond single substance expectancies. The results demonstrate the feasibility and utility of assessing simultaneous use expectancies, and lay groundwork for future research on simultaneous use expectancies in relation to alcohol and cannabis couse outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
社会学习理论表明，结果预期是行为的强有力决定因素，研究发现，酒精和大麻预期与负面物质使用结果相关。然而，迄今为止，还没有评估同时使用酒精和大麻（SAM）预期的措施，尽管它们与负面后果和上升的时间趋势有很强的联系。本研究旨在使用过去一个月的大学生同时使用者样本（n = 434），对同时使用酒精和大麻预期量表（AE-SAM）的测试分数进行初步验证。在随机半样本中进行的探索性和验证性因素分析表明，有五个预期因素，代表高唤醒积极、高唤醒消极（酒精驱动）、高唤醒消极（大麻驱动）、低唤醒积极和低唤醒消极预期。该因素结构在性别、种族/民族和同时使用频率上是不变的，并且与其他酒精/大麻预期测量具有收敛和区分效度。AE-SAM 的高唤醒积极预期与同时使用频率和更大量饮酒/大麻使用有关，AE-SAM 的高唤醒消极（大麻驱动）预期与更不频繁的同时使用和更负面的酒精后果有关，AE-SAM 的低唤醒消极预期与更少的大麻使用有关。在考虑了其他预期测量后，AE-SAM 的高唤醒积极和高唤醒消极（大麻驱动）预期的影响仍然存在，这表明 AE-SAM 的预期提供了超出单一物质预期的额外信息。这些结果证明了评估同时使用预期的可行性和实用性，并为未来研究酒精和大麻使用结果与同时使用预期的关系奠定了基础。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2022 APA，保留所有权利）。
