Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL, UR 4638, F-44000 Nantes, France.
Nantes Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Mathématiques Jean Leray, LMJL, Nantes, France.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023 Apr;234:103857. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103857. Epub 2023 Feb 8.
The COVID-19 pandemic remains hugely challenging, but its impact on emotional experience, especially over time, has often been neglected. The French Government imposed three COVID lockdowns with varying degrees of strictness that induced different types of emotional discomfort and emotion regulation. The present longitudinal study explored affect and emotion regulation strategies in each of these lockdowns, comparing samples assessed before and during the pandemic. The objective was to understand how government measures influenced subjective experience and how people adjusted their emotion regulation accordingly. The longitudinal lockdown sample comprised 164 participants (M = 37.60 years, SD = 12.50). Affect and emotion regulation were assessed in the first week of each of the three lockdowns (20-27 March 2020, 23-30 November 2020, and 19-26 April 2021). The 120 participants in the prepandemic (control) sample were drawn from previous studies focusing on affect and regulation strategies in natural everyday situations. Results indicated that affect deteriorated considerably, compared with prepandemic levels. Whereas activated negative affect (nervous and worried) tended to decrease, deactivated negative affect (sad and bored) increased. Regarding emotion regulation strategies, negative emotion expression was associated with more negative affect and less positive affect, while positive emotion expression and proactive behaviour were associated with a better emotional experience. A multivariate growth curve showed that in the absence of psychological support, stressful situations and repeated lockdowns do not induce people to make better emotion regulation strategy choices. As government restrictions had a negative impact on individuals' emotional experience, support programs should be implemented in future pandemics to promote emotion regulation.
新冠疫情仍然极具挑战性，但人们往往忽视了它对情绪体验的影响，尤其是随着时间的推移。法国政府实施了三次新冠封锁，严格程度不一，导致了不同类型的情绪不适和情绪调节。本纵向研究在每次封锁中探索了情感和情绪调节策略，比较了在疫情前和疫情期间评估的样本。目的是了解政府措施如何影响主观体验，以及人们如何相应地调整情绪调节。纵向封锁样本包括 164 名参与者（M=37.60 岁，SD=12.50）。在三次封锁的第一周（2020 年 3 月 20-27 日、2020 年 11 月 23-30 日和 2021 年 4 月 19-26 日）评估了情感和情绪调节。120 名处于疫情前（对照）样本的参与者来自先前研究，这些研究侧重于自然日常情境中的情感和调节策略。结果表明，与疫情前水平相比，情感明显恶化。虽然激活的负面情绪（紧张和担忧）趋于减少，但去激活的负面情绪（悲伤和无聊）增加。关于情绪调节策略，负面情绪表达与更多的负面情绪和更少的积极情绪相关，而积极情绪表达和积极行为与更好的情绪体验相关。多元增长曲线显示，在缺乏心理支持的情况下，压力情况和反复封锁不会促使人们做出更好的情绪调节策略选择。由于政府限制对个人的情绪体验产生负面影响，未来的大流行应实施支持计划，以促进情绪调节。
