Wang Boliang, Davies Timothy B, Way Kimberley L, Tran Derek L, Davis Glen M, Singh Maria Fiatarone, Hackett Daniel A
Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2023 Jun;109:104954. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.104954. Epub 2023 Feb 4.
Local muscle endurance (LME) is a significant indicator of muscle health and function in middle-aged and older adults. However, resistance training (RT) practices which optimise performance in this population are currently unclear. This study examined: 1) the effect of RT on LME; and 2) the impact of acute resistance exercise program variables on LME in middle-aged and older adults.
Five electronic databases were searched using terms related to RT, LME, and older adults. Random effects (Hedges' g) meta-analyses were undertaken to estimate the effect of RT on upper and lower body LME assessed via maximal repetitions during an isotonic test. The impact of resistance exercise program variables on LME effects was explored using meta-regression analyses.
Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Upon sensitivity analysis, one study was removed. Large effects favoured RT for LME of the upper body (g = 1.10, p < 0.001) and lower body (g = 1.18, p < 0.001). Large effects on LME from RT were found irrespective of training intensity or other resistance exercise program variables. Moderate heterogeneity and publication bias were found in most analyses.
RT is an effective means for improving LME in middle-aged and older adults. Optimal training characteristics have not been defined by this review, as improvement in LME was unrelated to RT volume or loading intensity. Caution is warranted when interpreting the findings due to heterogeneity and bias present in existing literature. Additional studies are needed with direct comparisons of various training techniques.
局部肌肉耐力（LME）是中老年人肌肉健康和功能的重要指标。然而，目前尚不清楚哪种阻力训练（RT）方法能优化该人群的表现。本研究旨在探讨：1）阻力训练对局部肌肉耐力的影响；2）急性阻力运动计划变量对中老年人局部肌肉耐力的影响。
使用与阻力训练、局部肌肉耐力和老年人相关的术语检索了五个电子数据库。采用随机效应（Hedges' g）荟萃分析来估计阻力训练对通过等张测试中的最大重复次数评估的上、下肢局部肌肉耐力的影响。使用荟萃回归分析探讨阻力运动计划变量对局部肌肉耐力影响的作用。
15项研究符合本综述的纳入标准。经敏感性分析，排除了1项研究。结果显示，阻力训练对上肢局部肌肉耐力有显著效果（g = 1.10，p < 0.001），对下肢局部肌肉耐力也有显著效果（g = 1.18，p < 0.001）。无论训练强度或其他阻力运动计划变量如何，阻力训练对局部肌肉耐力均有显著影响。大多数分析中发现存在中度异质性和发表偏倚。
阻力训练是改善中老年人局部肌肉耐力的有效方法。本综述未确定最佳训练特征，因为局部肌肉耐力的改善与阻力训练量或负荷强度无关。由于现有文献存在异质性和偏倚，在解释研究结果时需谨慎。需要更多研究直接比较各种训练技术。
