Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Nutr J. 2023 Feb 10;22(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s12937-022-00826-5.
Dyslipidemia is considered as a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Yet various trials with wide ranges of doses and durations have reported contradictory results. We undertook this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to determine whether omega-3 supplementation can affect lipid profile in children and adolescents.
Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus databases were searched up to March 2021. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effect method. Effect size was expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I index. In order to identification of potential sources of heterogeneity, predefined subgroup and meta-regression analysis was conducted.
A total of 14 RCTs with 15 data sets were included. Based on the combination of effect sizes, there was a significant reduction in TG levels (WMD: -15.71 mg/dl, 95% CI: -25.76 to -5.65, P=0.002), with remarkable heterogeneity (I=88.3%, P<0.001). However, subgroup analysis revealed that omega-3 supplementation significantly decreased TG only in studies conducted on participants ≤13 years old (WMD=-25.09, 95% CI: -43.29 to -6.90, P=0.007), (I=84.6%, P<0.001) and those with hypertriglyceridemia (WMD=-28.26, 95% CI: -39.12 to -17.41, P<0.001), (I=0.0%, P=0.934). Omega-3 supplementation had no significant effect on total cholesterol, HDL, and LDL levels. Also, results of nonlinear analysis showed significant effect of treatment duration on HDL status (P=0.047).
Omega-3 supplementation may significantly reduce TG levels in younger children and those with hypertriglyceridemia. Also, based on the HDL-related results, clinical trials with longer duration of intervention are recommended in this population.
血脂异常被认为是心血管疾病的已知危险因素。然而，各种剂量和持续时间范围广泛的试验报告了相互矛盾的结果。我们进行了这项随机对照试验（RCT）的荟萃分析，以确定ω-3 补充剂是否会影响儿童和青少年的血脂谱。
我们检索了 Cochrane Library、Embase、PubMed 和 Scopus 数据库，检索时间截至 2021 年 3 月。使用随机效应法进行荟萃分析。效应大小表示为加权均数差（WMD）和 95%置信区间（CI）。使用 I 指数评估异质性。为了确定潜在的异质性来源，进行了预设的亚组和荟萃回归分析。
共纳入 14 项 RCT，包含 15 组数据。基于效应大小的组合，TG 水平显著降低（WMD：-15.71mg/dl，95%CI：-25.76 至-5.65，P=0.002），存在显著异质性（I=88.3%，P<0.001）。然而，亚组分析显示，ω-3 补充剂仅在研究参与者年龄≤13 岁（WMD=-25.09，95%CI：-43.29 至-6.90，P=0.007）和高甘油三酯血症（WMD=-28.26，95%CI：-39.12 至-17.41，P<0.001）时，显著降低 TG，（I=0.0%，P=0.934）。ω-3 补充剂对总胆固醇、HDL 和 LDL 水平没有显著影响。此外，非线性分析结果表明，治疗持续时间对 HDL 状态有显著影响（P=0.047）。
ω-3 补充剂可能显著降低年龄较小的儿童和高甘油三酯血症患者的 TG 水平。此外，基于与 HDL 相关的结果，建议在该人群中进行持续时间更长的临床试验。
