Carcinoma associated with augmentation cystoplasty.

Three patients with augmentation ileocystoplasties developed carcinoma at the ileovesical junction 7, 22 and 24 years after surgery. All were originally reconstructed for genitourinary tuberculosis and all had developed huge capacity ileal segments with large residual urines, associated with recurrent urinary tract infection. With the current trend for using small bowel for both augmentation and substitution cystoplasty, balanced voiding must be achieved and maintained, and long-term follow-up is mandatory.