Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Cells. 2023 Jan 25;12(3):407. doi: 10.3390/cells12030407.
Obesity is an ever-increasing phenomenon, with 42% of Americans being considered obese (BMI ≥ 30) and 9.2% being considered morbidly obese (BMI ≥ 40) as of 2016. With obesity being characterized by an abundance of adipose tissue expansion, abnormal tissue remodeling is a typical consequence. Importantly, this pathological tissue expansion is associated with many alterations in the cellular populations and phenotypes within the tissue, lending to cellular, paracrine, mechanical, and metabolic alterations that have local and systemic effects, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In particular, vascular dynamics shift during the progression of obesity, providing signaling cues that drive metabolic dysfunction. In this review, paracrine-, autocrine-, and matrix-dependent signaling between adipocytes and endothelial cells is discussed in the context of the development and progression of obesity and its consequential diseases, including adipose fibrosis, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
肥胖是一个日益严重的现象，截至 2016 年，42%的美国人被认为肥胖（BMI≥30），9.2%被认为患有病态肥胖（BMI≥40）。由于肥胖的特征是脂肪组织过度扩张，异常的组织重塑是一种典型的后果。重要的是，这种病理性的组织扩张与组织内细胞群体和表型的许多改变有关，导致细胞、旁分泌、机械和代谢的改变，具有局部和全身的影响，包括糖尿病和心血管疾病。特别是，肥胖进展过程中血管动力学发生变化，提供了驱动代谢功能障碍的信号。在这篇综述中，讨论了脂肪细胞和内皮细胞之间的旁分泌、自分泌和基质依赖性信号在肥胖及其相关疾病（包括脂肪纤维化、糖尿病和心血管疾病）的发生和发展中的作用。
