Sethi Jaswinder K, Hotamisligil Gökhan S
Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
Nat Metab. 2021 Oct;3(10):1302-1312. doi: 10.1038/s42255-021-00470-z. Epub 2021 Oct 14.
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a classical, pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine. It is also the first 'adipokine' described to be produced from adipose tissue, regulated in obesity and proposed to contribute to obesity-associated metabolic disease. In this review, we provide an overview of TNF in the context of metabolic inflammation or metaflammation, its discovery as a metabolic messenger, its sites and mechanisms of action and some critical considerations for future research. Although we focus on TNF and the studies that elucidated its immunometabolic actions, we highlight a conceptual framework, generated by these studies, that is equally applicable to the complex network of pro-inflammatory signals, their biological activity and their integration with metabolic regulation, and to the field of immunometabolism more broadly.
肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）是一种典型的、具有多效性的促炎细胞因子。它也是最早被描述为由脂肪组织产生的“脂肪因子”，在肥胖状态下受到调节，并被认为与肥胖相关的代谢性疾病有关。在这篇综述中，我们概述了TNF在代谢性炎症或代谢炎症背景下的情况、其作为代谢信使的发现、作用位点和机制，以及未来研究的一些关键考虑因素。尽管我们专注于TNF及其阐明免疫代谢作用的研究，但我们强调了由这些研究所产生的一个概念框架，该框架同样适用于促炎信号的复杂网络、它们的生物学活性以及它们与代谢调节的整合，更广泛地说，也适用于免疫代谢领域。
