Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud (BIOMAS), Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador.
One Health Research Group, Universidad de las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 20;20(3):1900. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20031900.
Multidrug-resistant bacteria present resistance mechanisms against β-lactam antibiotics, such as Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamases (ESBL) and Metallo-β-lactamases enzymes (MBLs) which are operon encoded in Gram-negative species. Likewise, Gram-positive bacteria have evolved other mechanisms through genes, which encode modified penicillin-binding proteins (PBP2). This study aimed to determine the presence and spread of β-lactam antibiotic resistance genes and the microbiome circulating in Quito's Public Transport (QTP). A total of 29 station turnstiles were swabbed to extract the surface environmental DNA. PCRs were performed to detect the presence of 13 antibiotic resistance genes and to identify and to amplify 16S rDNA for barcoding, followed by clone analysis, Sanger sequencing, and BLAST search. ESBL genes and and MBL genes and were detected along QPT stations, blaTEM being the most widely spread. Two subvariants were found for , , and . Almost half of the circulating bacteria found at QPT stations were common human microbiota species, including those classified by the WHO as pathogens of critical and high-priority surveillance. β-lactam antibiotic resistance genes are prevalent throughout QPT. This is the first report of in environmental samples in Ecuador. Moreover, we detected a new putative variant of this gene. Some commensal coagulase-negative bacteria may have a role as resistance reservoirs.
多药耐药菌对β-内酰胺类抗生素具有耐药机制，如扩展谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）和金属β-内酰胺酶（MBL），这些酶在革兰氏阴性菌中是操纵子编码的。同样，革兰氏阳性菌也通过基因进化出其他机制，这些基因编码修饰的青霉素结合蛋白（PBP2）。本研究旨在确定β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药基因和在基多公共交通（QTP）中循环的微生物组的存在和传播。对 29 个车站检票闸机进行了擦拭，以提取表面环境 DNA。进行 PCR 以检测 13 种抗生素耐药基因的存在，并对 16S rDNA 进行鉴定和扩增，用于条形码，随后进行克隆分析、Sanger 测序和 BLAST 搜索。在 QPT 站沿线检测到 ESBL 基因和和 MBL 基因和，blaTEM 的传播最广泛。发现了 、和的两个亚变种。在 QPT 站发现的循环细菌中，近一半是常见的人类微生物群物种，其中包括世界卫生组织列为关键和高优先级监测的病原体。β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药基因在整个 QPT 中普遍存在。这是厄瓜多尔环境样本中首次报道。此外，我们检测到了这种基因的一个新的假定变体。一些共生凝固酶阴性细菌可能在 耐药储库中发挥作用。
