Environmental Engineering & Biotechnology Group (GIBA-UDEC), Environmental Science Faculty, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile.
Water Research Center for Agriculture and Mining (CRHIAM), ANID Fondap Center, Victoria 1295, Concepción 4030000, Chile.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 28;20(3):2305. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032305.
Laundry greywater is considered as an alternative source of non-potable water, as it is discharged in approximately 70% of homes. Because this water contains compounds such as biodegradable and recalcitrant organic matter, surfactants, and microbiological compounds, it must be treated prior to reuse. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the behavior of organic matter and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in greywater treated by a constructed wetland (CW). The results show that the organic matter removal efficiencies were 67.19%, 50.15%, and 63.57% for biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC), respectively; these efficiencies were not significant ( > 0.05). In addition, the CW allows the distribution of TOC and ionic compounds in the fractions below 1000 Da to increase by 5.03% and 13.05%, respectively. Meanwhile, the treatment of microbiological compounds generated non-significant removals ( > 0.05), along with increases in bacteria resistant to the antibiotics ciprofloxacin (CIP) and ceftriaxone (CTX) of 36.34%, and 40.79%, respectively. In addition, a strong association between ARB to CIP, CTX, cationic and non-ionic surfactants was determined, indicating the role of surfactants in ARB selection. It is suggested that disinfection systems should be employed prior to the reuse of the treated water.
洗衣房灰水被认为是一种非饮用水的替代水源，因为它在大约 70%的家庭中被排放。由于这种水中含有可生物降解和难生物降解的有机物、表面活性剂和微生物化合物等化合物，因此在重复使用之前必须进行处理。因此，本研究的目的是评估人工湿地（CW）处理的灰水中有机物和抗生素抗性细菌（ARB）的行为。结果表明，生物需氧量（BOD）、化学需氧量（COD）和总有机碳（TOC）的有机物去除效率分别为 67.19%、50.15%和 63.57%；这些效率没有显著差异（>0.05）。此外，CW 允许 TOC 和离子化合物在低于 1000 Da 的分数中分布增加 5.03%和 13.05%。同时，微生物化合物的处理产生了非显著的去除效果（>0.05），同时对环丙沙星（CIP）和头孢曲松（CTX）的抗生素抗性细菌的增加分别为 36.34%和 40.79%。此外，还确定了 ARB 与 CIP、CTX、阳离子和非离子表面活性剂之间存在很强的关联，表明表面活性剂在 ARB 选择中的作用。建议在重复使用处理后的水之前应采用消毒系统。
