Addiction Rehabilitation and Social Welfare Department, Eulji University, Uijeongbu 11759, Republic of Korea.
School of Psychology, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 28;20(3):2331. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032331.
The purpose of this study was to verify the relationship between the risk of smartphone dependence, mental health, and personality traits in university students using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF), and to identify the MMPI-2-RF scales that can predict the risk of smartphone dependence. Of the 772 university students who participated in the study, 163 were in the smartphone overdependence group, accounting for 21.1% of the total survey respondents, which was one in five of those surveyed. High T-scores on the measure indicate greater psychopathology. The smartphone overdependence group had significantly higher T-scores than the general user group on all but three of the MMPI-2-RF scales, and the degree of smartphone overdependence was positively correlated with scores on these scales. There was no difference between the dependent and non-dependent groups on the interpersonal passivity, aesthetic-literary interest, and aggression scales, and scores on these three were not correlated with smartphone dependence. Among the MMPI-2-RF scales, those found to predict the risk of smartphone overdependence were the emotional/internalizing problems, behavioral/externalizing problems, antisocial behavior, cognitive complaints, helplessness/hopelessness, inefficacy, juvenile conduct problems, aggression, interpersonal problems, disconstraint, negative emotionality/neuroticism, and introversion/low positive introversion/low positive emotionality scales. Based on these findings, we propose that effective prevention and intervention for smartphone overdependence must be comprehensive and holistic rather than focusing on specific aspects of mental health or personality. The implications of the findings are discussed.
本研究旨在通过明尼苏达多相人格问卷第二版修订本（MMPI-2-RF）验证大学生智能手机依赖风险与心理健康和人格特质的关系，并确定可以预测智能手机依赖风险的 MMPI-2-RF 量表。在参与研究的 772 名大学生中，有 163 人属于智能手机过度依赖组，占总调查对象的 21.1%，即每五个被调查者中就有一个属于智能手机过度依赖组。该量表的高分表明存在更多的精神病理学问题。智能手机过度依赖组在 MMPI-2-RF 的所有量表中除了三个量表外，其余量表的 T 分数均显著高于一般用户组，且智能手机过度依赖程度与这些量表的分数呈正相关。在人际被动、审美文学兴趣和攻击性量表上，依赖组和非依赖组之间没有差异，这三个量表的分数与智能手机依赖无关。在 MMPI-2-RF 量表中，预测智能手机过度依赖风险的是情绪/内向问题、行为/外向问题、反社会行为、认知抱怨、无助/绝望、无效、青少年行为问题、攻击性、人际问题、约束不足、负性情绪/神经质、内向/低正内向/低正情绪量表。基于这些发现，我们提出有效的智能手机过度依赖预防和干预措施必须是全面和整体的，而不是只关注心理健康或人格特质的特定方面。讨论了研究结果的意义。
