Facultad de Derecho, UNED, Equalitas, C/ Obispo Trejo 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Universidad de Málaga, Equalitas, Plaza del Ejido s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain.
Soc Sci Med. 2022 Apr;298:114839. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114839. Epub 2022 Feb 20.
Housing deprivation is a key determinant of the capacity to prevent infection and to recover from a disease because poor housing prevents adequate sheltering during a quarantine. We analyze the degree of housing deprivation faced by households in European countries when COVID-19 lockdown measures were enacted. To do so, we propose a synthetic measure that includes more dimensions than the official Eurostat indicator of severe housing deprivation. We use a fuzzy set approach to measure housing deprivation so that, unlike traditional deprivation approaches, based on a dichotomous variable, we can identify different degrees of housing deprivation for each household in the population. We find similar orderings of housing deprivation dimensions by country with the highest degree of deprivation in the living space dimension and the lowest one in the standard housing or technology deprivation dimension. Nonetheless, housing deprivation levels differ across countries, with Eastern European households being significantly more housing deprived than the rest when the lockdown began. This result shows that the effects of the lockdown on social well-being have not affected all Europeans equally and emphasizes the need for government measures that promote decent housing.
住房剥夺是预防感染和从疾病中恢复的能力的一个关键决定因素，因为住房条件差会妨碍在隔离期间得到充分的庇护。我们分析了 COVID-19 封锁措施实施时欧洲国家家庭面临的住房剥夺程度。为此，我们提出了一个综合指标，它包含了比官方 Eurostat 严重住房剥夺指标更多的维度。我们使用模糊集方法来衡量住房剥夺，因此，与基于二分变量的传统剥夺方法不同，我们可以为每个家庭在人口中识别不同程度的住房剥夺。我们发现，各国在住房剥夺维度的排序是相似的，剥夺程度最高的是居住空间维度，最低的是标准住房或技术剥夺维度。然而，各国的住房剥夺水平存在差异，在封锁开始时，东欧家庭的住房剥夺程度明显高于其他地区。这一结果表明，封锁对社会福利的影响并没有使所有欧洲人平等地受到影响，强调了政府采取促进体面住房措施的必要性。
