Integrative Legume Research Group, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
National Navel Orange Engineering Research Centre, College of Life Science, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Feb 1;24(3):2800. doi: 10.3390/ijms24032800.
Plant roots are constantly exposed to a diverse microbiota of pathogens and mutualistic partners. The host's immune system is an essential component for its survival, enabling it to monitor nearby microbes for potential threats and respond with a defence response when required. Current research suggests that the plant immune system has also been employed in the legume-rhizobia symbiosis as a means of monitoring different rhizobia strains and that successful rhizobia have evolved to overcome this system to infect the roots and initiate nodulation. With clear implications for host-specificity, the immune system has the potential to be an important target for engineering versatile crops for effective nodulation in the field. However, current knowledge of the interacting components governing this pathway is limited, and further research is required to build on what is currently known to improve our understanding. This review provides a general overview of the plant immune system's role in nodulation. With a focus on the cycles of microbe-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (MTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), we highlight key molecular players and recent findings while addressing the current knowledge gaps in this area.
植物的根系不断暴露于由病原体和互利共生伙伴组成的多样化微生物群落中。宿主的免疫系统是其生存的重要组成部分，使它能够监测附近的微生物是否存在潜在威胁，并在需要时通过防御反应做出响应。目前的研究表明，植物免疫系统也被用于豆科植物-根瘤菌共生体中，作为监测不同根瘤菌菌株的一种手段，而成功的根瘤菌已经进化出了克服这种系统的能力，从而感染根部并启动结瘤。鉴于其对宿主特异性的明显影响，免疫系统有可能成为工程设计多功能作物的重要目标，以实现有效田间结瘤。然而，目前关于控制这一途径的相互作用成分的知识有限，需要进一步的研究来建立在目前已知的基础上，以提高我们的理解。本综述概述了植物免疫系统在结瘤中的作用。重点介绍了微生物相关分子模式触发免疫（MTI）和效应物触发免疫（ETI）的循环，强调了关键的分子参与者和最新发现，同时也解决了该领域目前的知识空白。
