Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Mother-Infant Nursing, School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
Nutrients. 2023 Jan 26;15(3):630. doi: 10.3390/nu15030630.
Recent evidence suggest that energy distribution during the daytimecould be a potential determinant for the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS).
To cross-sectionally assess the association between breakfast size and the prevalence of MetS in Spanish adults.
Our study included a subset of 3644 participants from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Spain study recontacted between 2017-2018. Information on diet, sociodemographic, lifestyle, sleep quality, and chronotype was collected using standardized questionnaires, while anthropometric and blood pressure data were measured in a face-to-face personal interview by a nurse. MetS was defined according to the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) definition by measuring serum levels of total cholesterol, tryglycerides and glucose. Breakfast size was calculated as: (energy from breakfast/total energy intake) * 2000 kcal. To evaluate the association between breakfast size and MetS prevalence, a multivariable logistic regression model adjusted by potential confounders was used to estimate OR and 95% CI.
Prevalence of MetS in our study was 40.7%. The mean breakfast size was 306.6 * 2000 kcal (15% of the total daily energy intake), with 14 (0.4%) participants skipping breakfast. Participants in the highest quartile of breakfast size had a lower MetS prevalence compared to participants in the lowest quartile (OR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.51-0.76; -trend < 0.001). No modification of the estimated ORs by sex, breakfast time, and number of eating occasions per day were observed.
Our results suggest that higher breakfast size is associated with lower prevalence of MetS in Spanish adults, supporting the importance of a high energy breakfast. Further prospective studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
最近的证据表明，白天的能量分布可能是代谢综合征（MetS）发展的一个潜在决定因素。
横断面评估西班牙成年人早餐大小与 MetS 患病率之间的关系。
我们的研究包括重新联系的欧洲癌症与营养前瞻性调查西班牙研究中的 3644 名参与者的一个子集，时间在 2017-2018 年之间。使用标准化问卷收集有关饮食、社会人口统计学、生活方式、睡眠质量和昼夜节律的信息，而由护士在面对面的个人访谈中测量人体测量和血压数据。MetS 根据总胆固醇、甘油三酯和葡萄糖的血清水平，按照成人治疗小组 III（ATPIII）的定义来定义。早餐大小的计算方法为：（早餐的能量/总能量摄入）*2000 千卡。为了评估早餐大小与 MetS 患病率之间的关系，使用多变量逻辑回归模型调整潜在混杂因素来估计 OR 和 95%CI。
在我们的研究中，MetS 的患病率为 40.7%。早餐的平均大小为 306.6 * 2000 千卡（占总日能量摄入的 15%），有 14 名（0.4%）参与者不吃早餐。与最低四分位的参与者相比，早餐大小最高四分位的参与者 MetS 患病率较低（OR = 0.62；95%CI = 0.51-0.76；-趋势<0.001）。未观察到性别、早餐时间和每天进食次数对估计 OR 的影响。
我们的结果表明，早餐较大与西班牙成年人 MetS 患病率较低相关，支持高能量早餐的重要性。需要进一步的前瞻性研究来证实这些发现。
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