Ernst H, Ohshima H, Bartsch H, Mohr U, Reichart P
Institut für Experimentelle Pathologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, FRG.
Carcinogenesis. 1987 Dec;8(12):1843-5. doi: 10.1093/carcin/8.12.1843.
In order to evaluate the effect of concurrent administration of areca nut and sodium nitrite, a long-term feeding study was conducted with 120 Syrian hamsters. The animals were divided into four treatment groups, each consisting of 15 males and 15 females, and received 2 g/kg diet of sodium nitrite (group I), 20 g/kg diet of powdered areca nut (group II), 2 g/kg diet of sodium nitrite plus 20 g/kg diet of areca nut (group III) or powdered diet only (group IV) throughout their lifetime. Urine samples from all groups were analysed for N-nitrosonipecotic acid (NNIP), a major urinary metabolite of areca-nut-derived nitrosamines. NNIP was only detected in the urine of hamsters fed nitrite plus areca nut (concentration: 1.9 +/- 0.9 ng/ml urine), indicating that areca nut alkaloids underwent in vivo nitrosation to form areca-nut-specific nitrosamines. The total tumour response was not significantly elevated in groups II and III. Hamsters of group III had a markedly, but also insignificantly higher frequency of malignant tumours than those of the other groups, with a statistically significant increase in malignant lymphomas in the males. Although limited by the low number of animals per group, these results indicate that exposure to nitrite together with areca nut constituents appears to enhance the risk of developing malignancies.
为了评估槟榔与亚硝酸钠同时给药的效果，对120只叙利亚仓鼠进行了一项长期喂养研究。动物被分为四个处理组，每组由15只雄性和15只雌性组成，在其一生中分别接受2 g/kg饮食的亚硝酸钠（第一组）、20 g/kg饮食的槟榔粉（第二组）、2 g/kg饮食的亚硝酸钠加20 g/kg饮食的槟榔粉（第三组）或仅接受粉状饮食（第四组）。分析了所有组的尿液样本中的N-亚硝基哌啶酸（NNIP），它是槟榔衍生亚硝胺的主要尿液代谢产物。仅在喂食亚硝酸盐加槟榔的仓鼠尿液中检测到NNIP（浓度：1.9±0.9 ng/ml尿液），表明槟榔生物碱在体内发生亚硝化反应形成了槟榔特异性亚硝胺。第二组和第三组的总肿瘤反应没有显著升高。第三组仓鼠的恶性肿瘤发生率明显高于其他组，但差异不显著，雄性仓鼠的恶性淋巴瘤有统计学意义的增加。尽管每组动物数量较少限制了研究结果，但这些结果表明，接触亚硝酸盐与槟榔成分一起似乎会增加患恶性肿瘤的风险。
