Baker Alison, Lin Chi-Chuan, Lett Casey, Karpinska Barbara, Wright Megan H, Foyer Christine H
Centre for Plant Sciences and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
Centre for Plant Sciences and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
Free Radic Biol Med. 2023 Apr;199:56-66. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.02.009. Epub 2023 Feb 11.
Catalase (CAT) is an extensively studied if somewhat enigmatic enzyme that is at the heart of eukaryotic antioxidant systems with a canonical role in peroxisomal function. The CAT family of proteins exert control over a wide range of plant growth and defence processes. CAT proteins are subject to many types of post-translational modification (PTM), which modify activity, ligand binding, stability, compartmentation and function. The CAT interactome involves many cytosolic and nuclear proteins that appear to be essential for protein functions. Hence, the CAT network of roles extends far beyond those associated with peroxisomal metabolism. Some pathogen effector proteins are able to redirect CAT to the nucleus and recent evidence indicates CAT can traffic to the nucleus in the absence of exogenous proteins. While the mechanisms that target CAT to the nucleus are not understood, CAT activity in the cytosol and nucleus is promoted by interactions with nucleoredoxin. Here we discuss recent findings that have been pivotal in generating a step change in our understanding of CAT functions in plant cells.
过氧化氢酶（CAT）是一种虽有些神秘但已被广泛研究的酶，它是真核生物抗氧化系统的核心，在过氧化物酶体功能中具有典型作用。CAT蛋白家族对多种植物生长和防御过程发挥着调控作用。CAT蛋白会经历多种类型的翻译后修饰（PTM），这些修饰会改变其活性、配体结合、稳定性、区室化和功能。CAT相互作用组涉及许多胞质和核蛋白，这些蛋白似乎对蛋白质功能至关重要。因此，CAT的作用网络远远超出了与过氧化物酶体代谢相关的范围。一些病原体效应蛋白能够将CAT重定向至细胞核，最近的证据表明，在没有外源蛋白的情况下，CAT也能进入细胞核。虽然将CAT靶向细胞核的机制尚不清楚，但与核氧化还原蛋白的相互作用会促进CAT在细胞质和细胞核中的活性。在此，我们讨论了一些最新发现，这些发现在使我们对植物细胞中CAT功能的理解产生重大转变方面起到了关键作用。
